Análise socioeconômica e agroambiental de propriedades camponesas da Travessa São Francisco, Santa Luzia do Pará

Abstract

Peasant property is a form of organization in which small plots of land are cultivated by rural families to ensure self-consumption and, often, generate surpluses for commercialization. The home gardens are crucial components for the reproduction and food security of these families. This research was conducted in the community of Travessa São Francisco, BR 316, km 26, in Santa Luzia do Pará, with the aim of analyzing the influence of home gardens in peasant properties from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. The following methodological procedures were used: a) interviews with peasants; b) cross-sectional walks; c) forest inventory in 10 home gardens, in which the diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (H) of all individuals with DBH≥3 cm were measured; d) floristic and structural analysis, including the importance value index (IVI) of the species; e) determination of biomass and carbon. The results reveal the complexity and richness of the agricultural and social practices of rural families. The diversification of income sources, including agriculture, livestock raising, and government assistance, ensures the reproduction and food security of these families. Participation in social organizations, such as cooperatives and associations, is crucial for access to financial and technological resources. Women play a fundamental role in the management of properties and agricultural production, especially in home gardens. Despite representing a small portion of the properties, home gardens are rich in biodiversity and play a central role in family nutrition and leisure. Biomass production and carbon storage were shown to be relevant, and species such as Açaí, Coconut, Banana, and Jarana should be prioritized. The crop and product calendar reflects peasant production throughout the year, highlighting the community’s potential, which can assist them in decision-making for future production cycles. By mastering the production process, the peasants can assert that they consume healthy and desirable foods. It is concluded that the families of the Travessa São Francisco community are true guardians of Amazonian agrobiodiversity due to their deep relationship with the ecosystem and the care with which they preserve their seeds, techniques, and histories. It is essential to recognize and value these men and women who, for generations, have fought and applied science in the fields, promoting health and autonomy.