A Percepção da Comunicação Afetiva na Interação Pai-Filho: Estudo em Ambiente Carcerário com Autores de Violência SexualContra Crianças e Adolescentes

Abstract

The concept of violence presents consensual elements in the literature such as the presence of coercion and/or use of force, in addition to the damage that is produced. Ofits multiple forms of manifestation, the type of violence perpetrated against children andadolescents is considered a serious public health problem. It is characterized as a universal phenomenon, associated with an asymmetric power relationship. Its purpose is to obtain pleasure and is characterized by the practice of any sexual act. Studies on theperpetrator of sexual violence against children and adolescents are incipient in Brazil Their life trajectory constitutes a complex topic and their parental aspects are treated with caution in the literature, despite evidence indicating that perpetrators of violence are more likely to be the father or stepfather of the victim. Given the scarcity of literatureon the parenting of perpetrators of sexual violence against children and adolescents andwith the aim of contributing to research on the phenomenon, this study proposes to analyze the perception of affective communication in father-child interaction, based on a study in a prison environment, with parents who committed sexual violence against children/adolescents. The research in terms of its nature is empirical and documentary, exploratory and descriptive, with a cross-sectional design and a quantitative data approach. It consists of 3 (three) independent and interconnected studies. Study I aimedto analyze the bio-sociodemographic characteristics and aggression perpetrated by parents who committed sexual violence against children/adolescents, based on documentary sources. It was designed as a descriptive-exploratory research with a quantitative data approach. A biosociodemographic characterization form was used as an instrument. The collection allowed the construction of a database, analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion calculated by the JASP software. A discriminant cluster analysis calculated using the SSPS software was also carried out. In the results of the descriptive analysis, the biosociodemographicprofile pointed to author parents who were mostly black/brown, with an average age of40 years, two children, with a spouse and occupation. Kinship ties appeared in the highest proportion of stepfather, father and uncle, respectively. The characteristics of theaggression confirmed the severity and seriousness of the act through the use of force orsevere coercion (65.02%) and the acts of rubbing against the victim and vaginalsex werethe most frequent. In the discriminant cluster analysis, the groupings were significantlydiscriminated and the function was described as highly significant (98.9%). The analyzesof study I made it possible to scrutinize aspects of the characterization of the researchedpopulation for more effective future interventions. Study II aimed to identify the biosociodemographic and parenting aspects of incarcerated AVSCA parents, through anempirical study. This was a study with descriptive-exploratory characteristics and a quantitative approach to the data. A semi-structured interview guide was used as an instrument. The collection allowed the construction of a database analyzed using descriptive statistics, with measures of central tendency and dispersion. In addition, a cluster discriminant analysis was performed using the SSPS software. In the results of the descriptive analysis the data on the characterization of parents who committed sexual violence against children and adolescents showed an average of 3.47 children from different relationships, the majority of whom had a desire to have children and build a family, registered their children and had family life with them, carried out recreational leisure activities and related to the children's school routine. In the cluster discriminant analysis, the assumptions were met, it was observed that the selected variables were significantly discriminated and the function was significant (99.1%). The cross- descriptive analysisthat verified the complementaryrelationships between the variables,demonstrated relationships between the variables religion, smoking and carrying out recreational activities with their children. The analyzes in study II were able to characterize parental aspects of parents who committed sexual violence against childrenand adolescents and describe bio-sociodemographic aspects. Study III aimed to analyze,through an empirical study in a prison environment, the perception of AVSCA parents regarding the affective communication established with their children. Four dimensionsof affective communication were measured: expression of affection/emotional support, parental availability for communication metacommunication and trust and sharing. This was an empirical, descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach to the data.A script adapted from the parenting communication scale was used as an instrument. The collection allowed the construction of a database analyzed using descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion and discriminant cluster analysisusing the SSPS software. In the results, the analyzes achieved the proposed objectives of characterizing the perception of affective communication in parents who commit sexual violence against children and adolescents, which signals the presence of this perception in the researched population, observed in averages close to the maximum value in the adapted script, by the expression The questions of the instrument and affective memory are filled with strong emotion when referring to the relationship that was established with the children in the period before incarceration. In the cluster analysis, the assumptions were met, it was observed that the selected variables were significantly discriminating and the function was highly significant (100%). The evidence from the data analyzed demonstrated that the father who committed sexual violence, despite having an adverse life history and social vulnerability, collaborative factors of disruptive behavior, offered signs indicating a perception of affective communication in the relationship established with his children. Furthermore, the evidence showed that this interactional process with the child can mobilize feelings of empathy, emotion, affection and mobilize life reconstruction plans for parents, in this specific context. Thus, it is noted that the parental practice of affective communication requires new studies and with new perspectives on AVSCA parents in order to scrutinizethe topic, and that its study can be extended to other populations, whether deprived of freedom or not.