Resiliência em famílias pobres do município de Belém-PA

Abstract

Resilience in families is a phenomenon that allows us to understand how families living in poverty are organized in the face of the adversities imposed by this condition, the strategies they use to adapt to the difficulties that are imposed on them for long periods of their life cycle. Thus, resilience necessarily occurs from the interaction between significant risk factors and protective factors. In order to understand how the dimensions that make up the phenomenon of resilience and poverty inter-influence, this thesis was created, which aims to investigate resilient processes in families in poverty in Belém-Pará. For this, two quantitative and one qualitative studies were carried out. The first study aimed to carry out a resilience and sociodemographic profile of families in poverty living in the city of Belém (PA), as well as evaluating the socioeconomic profile as a function of the level of resilience of the families participating in the study. Therefore, 448 families residing in the city of Belém were interviewed in order to understand about resilience and its sociodemographic characteristics. The results showed that despite living in poverty, this condition does not nullify the existence of positive experiences in these families, since most participants were at a moderate level of resilience and that women were the main participants in this study, as well as the main ones to exercise single parenthood, reinforcing that they have been the main heads of family in poverty. In Study 2, which aimed to associate the five dimensions of the Family Resilience Profile Questionnaire, translated by Peixoto and Martins (2012) with the six dimensions of the Barros, Carvalho and Franco Family Poverty Index (2006), of families in condition of poverty residing in the municipality of Belém (PA). The correspondence between the dimensions of poverty and parenthood was performed in the 448 families participating in Study 1. As a result, the study showed that the dimensions of Vulnerability, Knowledge, Work and Development, in addition to the general IPF were associated with resilience, so that the lower the poverty in these dimensions, the greater the probability that the family has good levels of resilience. Finally, Study 3 aimed to describe how resilience is manifested in mothers/guardians of families in poverty. To this end, two focus groups were held with more and less poor families. It was observed that the groups had few differences in terms of resilience and sociodemographic characteristics. In both groups, resilience was sustained in the process of caring for someone, usually their children. Therefore, being two complex and multifaceted phenomena, they need to be investigated in their multiple dimensions so that their interrelationships are understood.