Doença de Parkinson: sintomas de ansiedade, qualidade de vida e estado nutricional

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, presents motor and non-motor symptoms, which can impact nutritional status, quality of life (QoL) and anxiety symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between anthropometric variables, QoL and factors related to anxiety symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: These are two cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical studies, the first carried out through the collection of anthropometric data and application of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire PDQ-39, the second also contains anthropometric data to identify the nutritional status, however, it uses the Parkinson's Anxiety Scale, Brazilian Version (PAS-BV) to assess anxiety symptoms. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS software, v.21.0, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant Results: The first study had 33 individuals, with a mean age of 58.9 ± 11.6 years, with a prevalence between men (69.7%). Overweight was noted in 45.4% of respondents. The perception of QoL was more impaired in the dimensions of body discomfort (75.3 ± 16.6), social support (62.7 ± 15.7) and mobility (61.0 ± 23.6). the total QoL score and the age that remained statistically significant in the multiple linear regression (model 1, B= 0.347; CI 0.004 - 0.902; p=0.048), regardless of gender (model 2, B=0.365; CI 0.016 - 0.937; p=0.043) and BMI (model 3, B=0.363; CI 0.006 - 0.943; p=0.047 suggesting that, in the participants of this study, this relationship does not depend on sex and nutritional status. The second study had 91 participants, with a mean age of 63.4 ± 10.4 years, most were men, married, with complete high school, retired, with an income of up to 3 minimum wages, did not receive emergency aid, underwent isolation total social status in the pandemic and 60% had symptoms of anxiety. Most adults (40.6%) had a eutrophic or overweight nutritional status and most elderly people were overweight (42.3%). The anxiety score was higher in female participants (p=0.005), without a partner (p=0.0034) and without emergency assistance (p=0.001). There was a negative correlation between age and anxiety score (r=0.180; p=0.044) and a positive correlation between triceps skinfold and anxiety (r=0.183; p=0.041). It was observed that the correlation between female gender and level of anxiety remained statistically significant in the multiple linear regression (model 1, B=0290; CI=2137;11.935; p=0.005) regardless of marital status (model 2, B= 0.239;CI=0.518;11.114;p=0.032) and age (model 3, B=0.230; CI=0.302;10.856; p=0.039) Conclusion: The importance of investments within public services in campaigns and groups of support for this public, with the realization of mapping on a larger scale of these patients, in addition to offering, mainly, a multidisciplinary team for the treatment of PD, in order to control the symptoms and QoL of these individuals. In addition, it is essential to diagnose nutritional deviations and anxiety levels early in people with PD, especially females, as this can harm the clinical situation.