A Cabanagem enquanto paradigma de compreensão do estado de exceção permanente no contexto amazônico-paraense

Abstract

This dissertation aims to explain one of, if not the largest social movement that occurred in the Amazon context of the 19th century, essentially, in the province of Grão-Pará: Cabanagem. To this end, the analysis of this historical phenomenon will be based on the main concepts and paradigms proposed by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben: state of exception, homo sacer and field. To ensure a better understanding of the objective, although it is bibliographical research, it uses the same methodology used by Agamben: the paradigmatic method. This method operates in an analogical way in which a paradigm can constitute the understanding of a certain phenomenon. The central problem is to what extent can Cabanagem be seen as a paradigm for understanding the permanent state of exception in the history of the Amazon? The dissertation is divided into three moments: i) initially, methodologies for accessing the past will be analyzed, such as the one proposed by Walter Benjamin with the analysis against the grain of history; and then, by Agamben with the paradigmatic method. In this sense, it starts from the investigation into the paradigm of the state of exception within the scope of colonialism, showing that at that time exceptionalism was already revealed as a rule in the colonies, including Brazil. ii) secondly, Cabanagem is investigated based on historiography and its conceptions. Furthermore, the repression of Cabanagem will also be analyzed, through the constitutional suspension that revealed the state of exception in Grão-Pará. iii) subsequently, the analysis of how the exception remained in force during the insurrection through the suppression of fundamental rights provided for in the Constitution of 1824 follows. In addition to also investigating that current social movements in the face of the permanent exception consist of echoes of Cabanagem in the present. Finally, we concluded that Cabanagem can serve as an example to understand the resistance movements against the permanent state of exception in the Amazon, so that the people who reside there represent the figure of the cabanos today.