Programas Raízes e Pará Quilombola: uma análise da titulação quilombola paraense de 2000 a 2020

Abstract

The general aim of this thesis is to understand the actions of the Raízes and Pará Quilombola programs in the titling of quilombola territories during the 20 years (2000-2020) that these affirmative action policies have been in force for these traditional communities of Pará. In this context, we read up on affirmative action policies, territory, territoriality and remaining quilombo communities, researched and analyzed of the official websites of the bodies responsible for titling the territories of the remaining quilombo communities in Pará (INCRA, ITERPA and FCP) and interviewed the coordinators of the Raízes Program, MALUNGU and GCQ and members of the black movement in Pará Nilma Bentes (CEDENPA) and Domingos Conceição (MOCAMBO). We concluded that, in 20 years of implementing affirmative action policies for these traditional communities, there has been no increase in the number of titles, which would continue the most productive quantitative phase, which took place between 2000 and 2010, when 48 titles for territories of quilombo remnant communities were homologated and there were 61 expedition processes. In the subsequent period under study, between 2011 and 2020, there was a sharp drop in the number of titles, which was 17, with only one process being issued. In our assessment, the main reasons for this decrease were: the lack of definition of public bodies as to their responsibility for carrying out land titling; scarce financial resources for affirmative action policies; internal conflicts within the remaining quilombola communities and between them and external agents; and a lack of knowledge among the remaining quilombolas about how to organize land titling processes.