Vulnerabilidade, resiliência e capacidade adaptativa em sistemas socioecológicos: uma análise dos impactos de fatores externos em famílias rurais

Abstract

The main objective of this thesis was to analyze and determine the key factors explaining the vulnerability and socioecological resilience of rural families located on the island of Santana in the state of Amapá, in the face of several external factors that may impact them. For this, vulnerability was measured through the exploration of relevant literature on the subject and, mainly, through the main variables adopted in the Socioecological Vulnerability Index (IVSE) of Anazawa; Monteiro; Feitosa (2012) and Anazawa; Monteiro; Feitosa (2013). Already for socioecological resilience was divided into three variables of determination: social capital, pluriactivity and productive diversity and traditional knowledge. The results show that the families studied are extremely vulnerable to the external factors highlighted. In this sense, when analyzing the resilience of the communities studied, it was noticed that there is a low level of accumulation of social capital, mainly in the formation of groups and networks, cohesion and social inclusion and trust and solidarity, main aspects of determining social capital. Pluriactivity and productive diversity and traditional knowledge received positive highlights in part within the analyzes. However, the lack of knowledge of the real importance of these factors for social reproduction and family survival was an extremely negative factor in the explanation of this variable. Therefore, the analyzed families are very vulnerable and have low adaptation capacity, which reduces their socioecological resilience to external factors, such as: changes in climate, economic and social, crises, internal conflicts, among others.