Um olhar sobre a formação de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental em escolas do campo

Abstract

The current research, that has nature qualitative in the research-action category, happened in the initial series of the Elementary School, in three schools of the rural area in Marabá (PA). The investigation was conducted in the line of research by Training of Science and Mathematics Teachers, linked to the Graduate Program in Science and Mathematics Teaching of the Instituto Federal do Pará, Universidade Federal Pará. For this investigation, we try to answer the following question: In what terms, a proposal for continued formation, in service, contributes to lead the didactic-pedagogical work of the teacher while teaching Mathematics in the initial series of the Elementary School in rural area schools? The idea was to do an investigation to understand how a proposal for continued formation in service can contribute to lead the didactic-pedagogical work of the teacher in the mathematics teaching in the initial series of the Elementary School in rural area schools. During the investigation, there were the participation of five educators from the initial series of the rural area schools of the city of Marabá, Southeastern of Pará State. The selection of those educator was based on the following criteria: i) To be an effective teacher of the city; ii) To have at least ten years of teaching in rural area schools on initial series and iii) To participate of the continued formation in the education network. The formative moments were articulated in 4 stages with two meetings each. The product of this research was the elaboration of a proposal of continued formation, in service, destined to the pedagogical coordinators of the rural area schools. The investigative instruments used were: questionnaire; semi-structured interview; observation and vídeo recording of the classes and direct intervention of the researcher in the didactic-pedagogical action of the teacher, followed by the process of reflection on the action. To understand the phenomenon investigated, it was used the Textual Analysis Discursive, according to Moraes and Galiazzi (2011); It were considered the theoretical contributions of: Alarcão (2011); Fiorentini and Nacarato (2005); Freire (1987); Imbernón (2006, 2009); and Tardif (2014). The collection and the organization of the empirical material, as well as the analysis of the selected material to compose the plot that answered the question of research gave rise to two axes of analysis: i) The teachers' comprehension about the continued formation and its practices, ii) The Teaching knowledge involved in the Pedagogical Practice: reflections about the teaching action. The analysis revealed that teachers attribute the difficulties in mathematics teaching to: a) the process of formation that they experienced; b) the continued formation has contributed little to improve the pedagogical practices; and c) the pedagogical coordinators who are not involved in teaching actions. In addition, teachers revealed that the proposal of the continued formation in service built on this research contributed significantly to the perception that there are other ways to organize the teaching practices to involve the experience knowledge and the profession. Another relevant aspect, according to the teachers, it was that formative experience happened in the work context and to provide another look about the actions related to the classroom, guiding the act of teaching and learning, not only the teachers when teaching Mathematics, but the students as they learn mathematics. However, the teachers recognized that it is necessary to train continuously to meet the demands of teaching.