Do corpo torturador ao corpo torturado: representações da máquina ditatorial na literatura brasilieira

Abstract

Brazilian literature presents in some of its manifestations the mark of violence. The texts that fit in this aspect are usually linked to the historical cut of the military dictatorship, whose insignia is state violence. Our objective is to trace the representation of what we call the dictatorial machine and its ramifications: the torturer body and the tortured body, starting from the literary texts that report the events occurred during the years of lead in Brazil. We understand that in the midst of the dictatorial event, the "fit" of the pieces was essential for the efficient functioning of the evil machine. In raising the debate about the dictatorial machine, this thesis runs through analyzes ranging from torture and its presence in history of humanity, being sometimes camouflaged or spectacularized, passing through the figure of the perpetrator, until we reach the victim of Evil, of barbarism, that is, the tortured body. Considering that the tortured body is one of the gears resulting from dictatorial coercive power, we also intend to show that the presence of torture is one of the elements that moves the dictatorial gears as far as coercive and repressive movements are concerned. The target of torture is the body of the accused / condemned, and the texts that we propose to analyze are found in the language that manifests itself in abjection, whether in the torturer's speech or in the speech of the tortured. For the corpus of this work six literary tales and a novel were collected, being: 1. “Pelos pobres de Tegucigalpa”, of Arturo Gouveia; 2. “A casa de vidro”, by Ivan Ângelo; 3. “O jardim das oliveiras”, by Nélida Piñon; 4. “Não passarás o Jordão” and 5. “Um estranho á porta” by Luiz Fernando Emediato; 6. “O leite em pó da bondade humana” by Haroldo Maranhão and 7. “Retrato Calado” by Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes. In order to contemplate the organization of this thesis, we divided it into four chapters that will help us in the debate proposed here. In addition, we seek a theoretical framework to structure more appropriately the hypotheses and questions raised, in this way we resort to the studies of Agamben, Calveiro, Foucault, Seligmann-Silva, Sarmento- Pantoja, Schollhammer, among others.