Autoeficácia e Percepção de Mães e Avós de Crianças com Caracteríscticas do TDAH

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to investigate the perception of mothers and grandmothers of children with characteristics of ADHD regarding their parental self efficacy and general self - efficacy and also the perception they present about the characteristics of their children. Its structure consists of two interdependent studies. The collection environment for both studies was the Center for Health Care of Women and Children (CASMUC-UFPA). In the first, the objective was to investigate the perception of self-efficacy of caregivers of children with ADHD characteristics, considering the subtype of the disorder and the children's total intelligence quotient. Twenty-four caregivers older than 18 years participated; self-reported as primary caregiver for children aged 6 to 12 years. The exploratory interview protocol was used; Parental Self efficacy scale; EAEG; SNAP IV; Wisc IV. The data from this study showed that the caregivers presented lower values of parental self-efficacy and self-efficacy related to general aspects of life. The lowest levels were linked to ADHD cases of the combined subtype. From the application of Wisc IV, it was observed that in both groups of caregivers, with low and high parental self-efficacy, the children presented Total Intelligence Quotient below the expected average for the age group. In the second study, the objective was to describe the perception of mothers and grandmothers about the characteristics of the child with traits of ADHD, as well as the relationship that these caregivers have with them and the perception about the role of being a caregiver. Participants were six mothers / grandmothers of children between 6 and 12 years old. The instruments and techniques used were an exploratory interview protocol and a focus group interview. Data were analyzed via SPSS- (version 20.0) and content analysis. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed in the discourse of the parents the following categories: 1) Perception of the first difficulties; 2) Perception about the child (positive perception and negative perception of behavior); 3) Perception about the parental partner (Collaborative Perception and Non-Collaborative Perception); 4) Perception of third parties about the child; 5) Assistance services; 6) Risk factors (social risks and spirituality); 7) Protection factors (Spirituality and Availability for care). It is hoped that the data presented in both studies will contribute to the investigation of the mental health of caregivers of children with mental disorders and will provide the basis for the creation of public policies that intervene in the psychological well-being of caregivers and children.