Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim: mecanismo de ordenamento territorial e de desenvolvimento sustentável

Abstract

This thesis aims to understand the effects of the installation of the Conservation Unit of Sustainable Use, National Forest (FLONA) of Jamanxim, located in the Municipality of Novo Progresso, Pará, as a government measure to restrain illegal use of natural resources. The study focused more specifically on changes in the landscape and the life of people living inside the conservation unit (CU), identifying and analyzing the relations they set among themselves, with nature, the government and its various phases, as well as forms of collective actions to defend their interests. During the research, a triangulation of methodologies was made using structured interviews and field observation whose data were systematized and subjected to both Simple and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The results were also subjected to secondary data, such as deforestation (systematized by INPE) and agricultural credit (systematized by the Central Bank of Brazil - BACEN), using Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression to support the analysis. The installation of Jamanxin FLONA caused a socio economic and environmental dynamic transformation inside and around the delimited area, after the limits and criteria were regulated for the sustainable exploration of the natural resources. The results showed a reduction in lumber extraction, cattle raising and services, causing unemployment and migration to large cities, mining and retail/wholesale businesses. The results also showed positive correlation between deforestation and credit and financing between 2003 and 2010, when costing explained 50% of the variations in deforestation rate. Rural producer associations and labor unions mediated the negotiations between government and the local population to halt and/or set new limits for the CU, but mainly for its permanence in the original territory. The data analysis showed that FLONA brought benefits against illegal public land invasions. However, lack of definition concerning the permanence or not of residents inside the CU raises doubts about the future.