Políticas públicas e os indígenas citadinos: estudo das políticas indigenistas de educação e saúde em Belém e Manaus (1988 a 2010)

Abstract

In this thesis, the focus refers to public policies of education and health toward the Belem (PA) and Manaus (AM) Indigenous resident population. The chosen period of the study to analyze such object comprehends 1988 to 2010, as 1988 was the year that marked, in constitutional terms, the end of the exception period that Brazil went through. Historically, the Portuguese State, and latter the Brazilian, created measures directed to Indigenous, with or without legal support. But here, the public policies related to indigenous education and health were privileged as the research object in the referred period, as they are important to the understanding of the actions of the Brazilian State and, in particular, to those implemented by the municipal governments of Belem and Manaus. The 1988´s Federal Constitution innovated with legal articles that established the respect to the diversity of the Indigenous peoples and the reform of the Brazilian State formally started in 1991 and that modified its bureaucratic organization regarding the indigenous education and health. With base in a qualitative and quantitative research the actions of the municipal public power of the two above cited capitals were investigated regarding to the decentralization proper of the model that works nowadays to the indigenous resident in such locals. The evidences suggest that in the education area of the lack satisfaction of the Indigenous towards the quality of the didactic/pedagogical material offered by the schools and the offer of bilingual teaching, and yet the inadequacies of the programmatic issues; in the health area, the inexistence of plans, projects and specific programs. The researched city populations reveal similarities, suggesting unfavorable results of the public policies‘ actions. The differences among the city Indigenous of Belem and Manaus and consists in the organizations and political participation, in a more effective way in Manaus, what engender more clear actions of the public power in this last city in relation to Indigenous‘ school education and health