Autogestão Habitacional no "Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida - Entidades" em Belém-PA

Abstract

This study focuses on the housing by self-management, which is understood as the housing supply model where individuals associated with cooperatives, associations or non-profit entities are responsible for controlling and managing of all the stages of housing production. The housing by self-management aims not only the production of housing, but also the strengthening of the ideals of equality, freedom, cooperation, autonomy and participation both in productive and decision-making processes. The aim of this study is to understand the process of hiring housing enterprises by “Minha Casa, Minha Vida - Entidades (PMCMV-E)” program in Belém-PA, between 2009 and 2017, taking as its guideline the effectiveness of housing by self-management. The PMCMV-E is the modality of the “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” program designed to organized families in an associative way, which are represented by an Organizing Entity and whose monthly income is up to R$ 1,800.00. In addition to literature review and documentary research, an exploratory case study was conducted, whose study units were the Organizing Entities (OEs) enable to participate in PMCMV-E. Therefore, there were semi-structured interviews were conducting with leaders from the national housing social movements acting in Belém-PA, plus leaders of OE qualified to participate in the program. The results were analyzed in order to identify the mainly elements that influence in the success or failure of hiring housing enterprises by PMCMV-E, according the following axes: (1) access to land; (2) bureaucracy; (4) technical-administrative capacity and internal policy of the OEs; (5) technical and social advice; and (6) self-management. The research revealed that the same obstacles that the PMCMV-E faces in the national scenario are replicated in Belém-PA. The design of the program, the land issues, bureaucratic obstacles and the technical-administrative capacity of the OE are the main demotivators of the practice between the OE and the social movements analyzed. Finally, strategies were proposed to mitigate these obstacles, such as the creation of a network of organizing entities; the formation of partnerships between public and private institutions; and changes in the type of housing provision project submitted to program selection