Restrições à modernização e ampliação dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário: um estudo da eficiência na provisão dos serviços

Abstract

This thesis analyzed the current structure of provision water treatment and sanitation services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, based on economical, physical and legal characteristics. The investigation focused on the disparities of the relative efficiencies of service providers in the coverage ratio. The technical and economical characteristics demonstrate need to adopt measures to regulate the sector's activities in order to increase the efficiency and quality of services offered. Otherwise, the regulatory framework changes give the indissociability of planning, regulation and service provision. Thus, the cooperation between the three levels of government as well as the possibility of the private sector participation, represents an important step forward in the effort to provide open access to basic sewage services in this country. The results of DEA models, shows that the supply of sewage services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, is limited by the poor performance of local providers. From this evidences, less than 1/3 of providers worked in a technically efficient level, both in 2001 as 2010. Consequently, the possibilities for improvements presented in benchmarking analysis proved that adopting productive Best Practices by companies with low efficiency would be possible to achieve significantly increases both quantitative units connected to sanitation network as the full length of water distribution and sewage collection mesh, from the same exploration expense index. In specific case of Sanitation Company of the State of Pará, this company shows beyond of lower efficiency in front of national average score, in both periods, the company presented inefficiencies in technical and scale conjunction. That is, besides of offering water and sewage services by general network below than its expenses, and lower financial return as desirable, the COSANPA worked in a range below the mean. From the comparative efficiency analysis of private enterprises and mixed economy societies with public administration, was noticed as light advantage than private companies in the provision of services, mainly influenced by the capacity of tax collecting and the general network sewer service. Precisely it is the service with a greater demand for investments. In the end, by relation the result of public companies efficiency with the rates of water supply and sewage collection by general network was showed that a direct relationship between the efficiency scores of the model and the access to sanitation services.