Antropofagia haroldiana: a reescrita como projeto literário

Abstract

The thesis aims as main objective to demonstrate the anthropophagic attitude, in the Oswaldian sense, present in the writing of Haroldo Maranhão (1927-2004). The research of bibliographical nature was based on several critical texts on the anthropophagy, the writing and literary rewriting, the critical fortune on the paraense writer, plus his works that were read entirely. The anthropophagic gesture is studied in three novels of the writer: O Tetraneto del-Rei (1982), Cabelos no coração (1990) and Memorial do fim (1991), which we call the anthropophagic triad to reference them in a more didactic way. Initially a reflection on the anthropophagy was carried out from its begining, passing through a brief history of the movement and all its unfoldings in the field of the arts and the national culture. Then the anthropophagy was studied as a way of thinking that runs through the Haroldian writing, and that can be found in other works beyond the proposed cut. Anthropophagy, in the works of Haroldo Maranhão, has several motivations of a critical nature, such as the trickery and rewriting of history, the revival of influential people, but obliterated by the dominant discourse, and also as a form of legitimation of his writing from the incorporation of canonical writers. The effort to find the presence of other texts inserted in the works under analysis made it possible for us to consider Haroldo Maranhão as an anthropophagous writer, due to the frequent rewriting procedures in his novels that coincide with the bases of the Oswaldian anthropophagic movement, such as: discursive subversion, appropriation, rewriting, deconstruction and irony as tools of betrayal of the previous text, and reversing the history of the winners. The research allowed us to conclude that Haroldo Maranhão's canibal writing proposes new meanings to the Brazilian colonization process, adds information about the life and work of historical people erased by the dominant discourse and takes advantage of the literary canon as a form of penetration and legitimation for purposes of consecration of the text. The explanation of the anthropophagic attitude in Haroldo Maranhão will never be apart from the conception that the anthropophagic writer is constructed from his position as a critical reader of the tradition, that is, the anthropophagic attitude comes from the intense habit of reading, which is articulated later as rewriting capable of promoting the erasing of the sources from the appropriation of other voices so that penetration in the dominant discourse takes place.