O Direito à participação para a governança de manguezais em áreas protegidas do sul indiano e da Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

The mangrove is a dynamic ecosystem that is in a continuous state of erosion and accretion, which forms a singular form of forest with up to 73 species of known trees. This ecosystem is distributed by 150,000 km ² in coastal wetlands of 123 tropical countries. For centuries, the human populations of these countries enjoy the environmental assets of the mangrove ecosystem. Brazil and India are signatory countries of the Ramsar Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity, which recognize the importance of the mangrove ecosystem for biodiversity. The purpose of this Multiple Case study is to analyze the mangroves governance process in two protected areas: Extractive Reserve of São João da Ponta (RESJP), in the Brazilian Amazon and the Kadalundi Vallikkunnu Community Reserve (RCKV), in South India. Data were obtained through participant observation in the field and interviews with local communities and institutions representatives, as well as through the documentary analysis. The research found that the creation of protected areas in Brazil and India represents a significant strategy to give effectiveness to international environmental norms and constitutes an advance towards the conservation of the mangrove ecosystem. The conditions of social opportunities in the two reserves are very similar, but the right to participation is better ensured in the RESJP. However, it is necessary to broaden the opportunities for community participation in the governance and conservation of environmental resources in the protected mangrove areas.