Pescadores artesanais da reserva extrativista marinha Caeté-Taperaçu e a percepção ambiental sobre os recursos naturais.

Abstract

Sustainable Use Conservation Units are areas that seek to prioritize the harmonious relationship between human populations, their livelihoods, and the environment. Currently, in Brazil, the areas of environmental conservation are flagged as areas of great importance and are seen as strategies for the protection and management of territories. At this juncture, population groups that inhabit these areas are dedicated to extractive, highlighting here fishing practiced in an artisan way. Thus, this work presents the following analyzes: I - A social, economic and environmental characteristic as well as contributions to analyze and trace the profile of artisanal fishermen residing in three fishing communities of the municipality of Bragança, northeast of the state of Pará, included in the Extractive Reserve Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu. II- To analyze the environmental perception of artisanal fishermen on the aspects of the action of the fishing activity, the natural resources and the extractive reserve and its management. To that end, interviews were conducted through questionnaires to 251 families of artisanal fishermen between men and women, of which 85 (33.86%) were from Vila dos Pescadores, 96 (38.25%) from Vila do Castelo and 70 (27.89%) of Vila do Taperuçu. From this, it was observed that the interviewees' ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old, and they have low schooling, where 50% did not finish even elementary school, showing that income is around 5,506.56 ± 3,905.85 R$ per year, and 86.85% of this income is linked to the link they have with the middleman. As a result, most artisanal fishermen own 92% of their own homes, use wells dug 59.36% or 40.24% water distribution network, have septic tank 49% and urban cleaning services are available. which meets 56.57% of respondents. In analysis II, questionnaires were used following the Likert-type scale model, and the data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5% (𝛼 = 0.05). This resulted in the environmental perception about the activity of the fishing activity, that it was possible to verify significant differences among the communities (𝑝 = 0.015). However, only the Taperaçu community differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.013), and there were no significant differences between the communities. As for the environmental perception about the use of natural resources, the communities differed from each other. The community of Castelo differed from the community of Taperaçu (𝑝 < 0.001) and Fisher Village (𝑝 < 0.001). However, it was not possible to identify differences between the community of Taperaçu and Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.269); and the environmental perception about the extractive reserve and the management plan, it was possible to identify significant differences between the communities (𝑝 = 0.001). However, only the community of Castelo differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 < 0.001) and there were no significant differences between the other communities. Considering that one community diverged from the other because of factors such as political representativeness, which generates visibility for the community, causing good accessibility and inclusion of fishermen in sustainable programs for sustainability, thus occurring greater engagement of one community to the detriment of the other.