Dinâmicas socioambientais associadas as ocorrências de febre chikungunya no município de Belém do Pará.

Abstract

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arbovirus caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Its transmission occurs through the bite of female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with CHIKV. The signs and symptoms of CHIKF are similar to those of dengue, however the main clinical manifestation that differs from it is the involvement of joints such as the joints of the wrists, ankles and elbows causing severe pain inflammation accompanied by swelling, redness and local heat. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of income, population density, sanitation and climate variables on CHIKF occurrences. The study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, with application area in the municipality of Belém (PA). The variables were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, from which the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum and maximum were determined. The normalities of the variables were tested to define by using parametric or nonparametric correlation tests. Linear regression analysis was performed for variables with statistical significance. Spatial analysis identified the expansion of the disease in the municipality over the period analyzed. As well as outbreaks of high concentration and maintenance of the disease were identified in certain neighborhoods. For socioeconomic variables, Pearson's correlation identified an association between CHIKF and the demographic density variable in 2017, which resulted in a weak but significant linear regression. Significant correlations were identified for indicators of quantity and regularity of water supply, solid waste collection and level of access to sanitation services. While the temperature and precipitation variables in 2016, presented respectively positive and weak association and negative and weak association in relation to CHIKF. The results of this research showed that the urban area of the municipality of Belém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, has significant natural and anthropic elements for the insertion of active transmission foci of Chikungunya fever.