Impactos do uso e cobertura do solo no regime hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Apeú/PA.

Abstract

The preservation of a river basin is a key process to guarantee the functioning of the system that involves the hydrological cycle, whose fundamental element is water. The general objective of this work was to analyze the distribution of water, based on the flow dynamics and to verify the behavior of the different hydrological processes in the different conditions of use and soil cover. The study was developed in the watershed of the Apeú river, located in northeastern Para, is a complex basin, which is inserted in both rural and urban environments, and which suffers constant anthropic interventions. The Soil and Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied, using climatic data from a meteorological station, belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and geocartographic data from institutions such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company (EMBRAPA). It was also discussed the applicability of the SWAT model as a complementary tool in the management of water resources, motivated by the search for alternative knowledge of the processes occurring in the Apeú river basin. It was also sought to spatially evaluate the distribution of water in the basin, through the simulation of water production (WYLD) generated by the SWAT model, during the period from August 2007 to August 2018, a simulation of scenarios with different use and occupation of the soil, of the basin under study, and these were compared with the current scenario (TerraClass 2014). With the results it can be affirmed that the SWAT model is a help in the generation of information in basins that do not have monitoring, being possible through it, to identify the amount of WYLD, as a function of the difference of water entering the system (precipitation) in relation to their losses (evapotranspiration, among others). In order to obtain better planning of the water resources in the basin under analysis. By verifying that the WYLD is closely linked with the dynamics of the land uses and occupations and the morphometry of the Apeú river basin and not only the seasonality of precipitation in the region, then as a strategy to minimize environmental impacts an information booklet was proposed focused on environmental issues with the aim of informing the community about the importance of conserving the Apeú river and with this to obtain benefits and quality of life.