Metodologia para preparação e avaliação de resposta a simulados de emergência de barragem de mineração

Abstract

Mining dams are fundamental elements for the process of mineral processing due to the need to concentrate or separate the mineral components of economic interest from the economically unusable components (mining tailings). In order for the tailings to be stored, the reservoirs of dams built in the mining projects for this purpose are commonly used. Over time, dams accumulate large volumes of tailings and water become susceptible to undesirable situations, such as diverse anomalies and failures. In this context, the present research has the objective of presenting a methodology for the preparation and evaluation of response to the Table Top and Full Scale simulated emergency simulations from the PAEBM of the Pera Jusante mining dam, located in the municipality of Parauapebas, state of Pará. The motivation of the work proposal was based on bibliographical research that indicated the lack of methodologies for the application of emergency simulation with mining dams. The methodology was developed based on three stages, the first being the presentation of the dam case study (including the downstream area), the second the execution of the emergency simulation and the third the evaluation of the efficacy of the simulated. The preparation verification methodology used international simulation concepts of emergencies in a gradual and adapted way for dams, starting with the Table Top Exercise and then performing the simulated exercise of full scale field evacuation. During the execution phase of the simulation, guides were prepared to help prepare both the agents involved and the population exposed to the flood spot. In order to record the information of the emergency simulation, it was proposed the use of files containing the details of the emergency situations, the expected responses and other information for the conduct of the simulations. As results obtained it is possible to emphasize that in the stage of execution of the simulated it was possible to know the capacity to respond to a possible emergency situation in the dam case study, with a response from the point of view of the very positive researcher, since it met the (Table Top Exercise) and 93.33% for the Full Scale Exercise simulation. The present research can be applied to any mining dam that has a PAEBM designed and is expected to contribute to the improvement of the methodologies of preparation and response to emergencies with mining dams, being used to improve the process of mining companies that already practice similar actions, and above all, mining companies that are still starting work on emergency preparedness and response to the safety of the downstream population.