Trajetória da reforma agrária ambiental na Amazônia: avaliação de resultados em Projetos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Anapu, Sudoeste do Pará

Abstract

The study presents results of a research that had as objective to analyze the path of implementation of the Sustainable Development Project- PDS, a land reform modality, in Southwest Pará, in order to verify the effective occurrence of environmentally differentiated initiatives. The research carried out in the municipality of Anapu, which belongs to the Transamazon region in the state of Pará. In Anapu, the mode of colonization imposed by the government caused several conflicts and tensions, mainly due to disputes over land ownership and access to natural resources. In the face of these conflicts, the PDS settlement modality emerges in the region as a new land reform proposal, through the struggle of social movements in the face of problems arising from conventional settlements. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the research. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, socioeconomic surveys and focus groups meetings, which allowed a comparative analysis between PDS and conventional land reform settlements. Among the main results it was highlighted that despite the greater environmental awareness among settlers of the PDS, the environmentally sustainable initiatives are not yet a reality in these settlements. The study concludes that the implementation of environmentally differentiated settlements, despite being an innovative proposal, did not achieve the developments proposed by the modality. Greater improvements and investments are needed in order to achieve these goals.