Entre o precário e o (in)sustentável: discursos de sustentabilidade e o cotidiano em projetos habitacionais do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento para remoção urbana, em Belém e Ananindeua

Abstract

This thesis discusses the presence of sustainability speeches in the production of urban space promoted by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), in its Urbanization of Precarious Settlements (UAP) line, for the urban removal of families at socio-environmental risk (resettlement and relocation). Its objectives are to analyze the state's use of urban sustainability discourses; analyze the influence of change of residence processes on aspects related to the material life of families; analyze the links and connections between sustainability discourses and the conceptual contribution of housing of Brazilian social interest; and to analyze the relationship between sustainability discourses present in the formulation and execution of PTTS for housing interventions for urban removal. To this end, the theoretical development of the discussions in the last decades on sustainable development and the qualitative adaptation imposed on the concept were made to become, at present, urban sustainability or simply sustainability. Based on a qualitative methodology supported by historical-dialectical materialism, four case studies were carried out on PAC interventions, based on its Technical Social Work Projects (PTTS), housing projects aimed at removing families occupying vulnerable environmental spaces and socially, in two municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB): the Taboquinha Community, in the Icoaraci District, in Belém; the Faith in God Community, in the Tenoné neighborhood, in Belém; the Jardim Jader Barbalho Community, in the Aurá neighborhood, in Ananindeua; and the Pantanal Community, in the Mangueirão neighborhood, in Belém. From the use of Discourse Analysis and the approach of three essential categories for daily analysis, according to Lefebvre (1980), - family, leisure and work - the analysis expressed, from the perspective of the agents involved and the trajectory of the subjects in the transition between spaces and their daily lives, the distance between the implementation of the policy and sustainability in the environmental, social and economic perspectives, intended in the heart of the Program, demonstrating that: it is not possible to think of peripheral housing estates to remove families detached from reality and the economic system that produces it and the implications that this production brings with it for space and society; there are weaknesses in the conceptual use of sustainability as rhetoric for a new proposal for urban regulation; PTTS disregard the needs of families and the material and substantive experiences of the subjects served, ignoring their needs and daily practices in these spaces produced in an abstract way, which since their formulation denied the experiences of the population served, via the absence of leisure spaces, disconnection with the world of work, permanence of risks, which opposes them to fully social spaces and distances them from a perspective of the right to the city, being interpreted as (un) sustainable spaces from the socio-environmental point of view.