Ordenamento territorial e governança florestal no Oeste do Pará: o caso do conjunto de Glebas Mamuru-Arapiuns

Abstract

The Amazon undesignated public forests total more than 60 million hectares and have been showing increasing values of deforestation rates. The Mamuru-Arapiuns Glebas Complex - CGMA, located in western Pará, had its territorial planning driven by the promotion of a forest-based economy, via state forest concessions. This study analyzes territorial planning and forest governance in this region in the period 2006- 2018, focusing on the process of destination of public forests and on the participatory process of social concertation built by multi-players and their different planning proposals, how this process contributed to changes in land use and deforestation rates, in addition to the performance of forest governance in the different post- territorial planning land management arrangements. Our hypothesis was that the territorial planning of undesignated public forests contributed to the resolution of historical conflicts, as well as allowing, in general, better forest governance, encouraging forest uses compatible with the land designation and reducing deforestation. The territorial and cartographic disputes were analyzed through the overlapping of different planning proposals and documents from public agencies. The analysis of the dynamics of land use was carried out in a GIS environment using data from the MapBiomas Project. For the assessment of forest governance in the different post-territorial planning land arrangements, performance indicators were elaborated, and their compliance evaluated based on documental analyses. It was observed that although the territorial planning has not reduced deforestation rates, it has contributed to the resolution of most of the existing conflicts, in addition to stimulating land uses more compatible with the land category and greater performance of management agencies through licensing and monitoring of environmental activities. The newly designated areas, although based on solid legal framework, showed lesser compliance with management mechanisms. The overall governance of the CGMA was satisfactory, although it differed between different land arrangements. With the allocation of public forests, it is plausible to expect some forest loss in favor of better local governance. In this sense, the consolidation of the land allocations established in the territorial planning is still crucial for the effective contribution of a forestry policy for local development, anchored in the promotion of sustainable productive practices and in the curbing of illegal practices that threaten the governance of public forests in the Amazon.