Jardins botânicos: preservação, práticas sociais, gestão e turismo no ambiente urbano

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the dynamics in the field of management relations in urban botanical gardens. The main objective of the research was to analyze the management processes implemented in the urban botanical gardens of Belém do Pará, from a trajectory based on the relationships between the field agents of the botanical gardens and their management, in the configuration of a relational field through the urban and environmental public policies and its consequences in planning and management, in three urban green public spaces: Bosque Rodrigues Alves - Zoobotanical Garden of the Amazon, the Paraense Emilio Goeldi Museum - Zoobotanical Park and the Mangal das Garças Natural Park, a in order to understand whether the practices that qualify botanical gardens influence the management of these public spaces. At the same time, it presents the analysis of management experiences in the urban botanical gardens of Brasília, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba, whose objective was to identify the characteristics of the management processes implemented that favored the understanding of the paraense botanical gardens scenario. The study with an interdisciplinary character performs a theoretical-methodological intersection, and its reference framework is the approach of the Social Field associated with the study of the dynamics characterized by management processes and social practices in urban green public spaces. Of a qualitative nature, the research was carried out based on exploratory studies through the combination of bibliographic research, document analysis, field research and survey, with simple observation and non-directive interviews with the agents who relate to and / or influence them. Idiosyncrasies are evidenced among discourses and practices of environmental management. The analyzed forms of management still present gaps and difficulties for a broader performance, since the environmental aspects are presented as a peripheral theme and little articulated with the other environmental and urban policies. The implementation of gardens, by itself, does not guarantee the sustainability of natural resources in an effective way, either due to the discontinuity in the maintenance of its infrastructure and its personnel, or even due to the low involvement of social agents that are directly or indirectly related to the space. green. Due to the different forms of management, it is not possible to state which is the best model to manage an urban botanical garden due to local peculiarities. Therefore, what should be more than one form of management to be implemented by each garden, according to their needs and interests, and to achieve the challenges that arise, it depends on the way in which the necessary actions will be implemented for its effective reach, in which institutional capacity should be the object of specific and continuous actions, combined with greater popular democratic participation in decision-making. The role of botanical gardens in the RBJB is still incipient, due to political disarticulation among members, the vulnerability of strengthening and cooperation of the institutional organization, as promoters of public policies for botanical gardens, linked to low social participation. These are relevant factors to be considered when formulating an effective environmental management proposal.