Fatores de adoção de sistemas agroflorestais por agricultores familiares de Cametá-PA

Abstract

Agroforestry systems present themselves as powerful traditional land-use systems, which their adoption can contribute to the reduction of socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability in family farming. Thus, the presente work aimed to analyze the factors that lead to the adoption of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) by family farmers in the floodplain, and firm ground areas in forest Menino Jesus community, in the municipality of Cametá-Pa. For this purpose, we used the case study method with a participatory approach, divided into two stages. In the first, it was used the participant observation and snowball technique, and in the second, a landscape analysis and the application of semi-structured questionnaires with 21 farmers. For the analysis of the collected data, graphs and tables, and the content analysis technique were used, which identified in the results the main factors that lead to the adoption of SAFs in the floodplain, and firm ground areas in the socioeconomic, socio-organizational, environmental, and cultural subcategories. In socioeconomic terms, the main factors were income generation and variety of production throughout the year. In sociorganizationals, land relations gender and exchanges and sharing of experiences external and internal to the community. In the environmental and cultural terms, it stood out as factores, the ecological benefits of the system, recovery of degraded áreas and the experiences derived from traditional background, and knowledge. The results also showed that the floodplain SAFs are managed from açaí groves, with native forest species, whereas the firm ground species arise from the extensions of the diversity, and logic of the agroforestry yards to the monoculture areas, in the recovery of degraded areas. The farming families that adopt SAFs have their origins in the municipality of Cametá, which demonstrates traditional agriculture. It was concluded that the main factor of adoption is the diversity of production throughout the year in the floodplain and firm ground areas, which provide food security and socioeconomic benefits to farmers. And these SAFs are adopted based on traditional knowledge and daily experiences of use and management of these environments, according to the needs of the productive and family establishment.