O paradoxo hídrico da cidade: uma análise sobre o saneamento da Região Metropolitana e a área de proteção dos mananciais dos Lagos Bolonha e Água Preta

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, the legal norms that determine the forms of use of water resources and the new rules established by the new framework of basic sanitation, to know if the rules are consistent with the use and preservation of Bologna and Água Preta springs that are within a conservation unit that does not allow the direct use of natural resources. The territorial delimitation of the study area in the cities of Belém and Ananindeua was carried out because they are bordering cities that shelter and have direct impacts on the area of the springs. In addition, these are the most populous municipalities in the RMB and hold the largest amount of data on basic sanitation. For this purpose, the monographic method of descriptive and qualitative character was used, using the procedure of bibliographical, documentary research, where, based on the investigation, it will analyze whether it is possible to reconcile the rules for the use of water resources and the changes in the new framework of the sanitation, with a view to preserving the Bolonha and Água Preta springs, which are located in an integrally protected conservation unit. The discussion of the project was divided into three parts. In the first one, an assessment was made of the importance and characteristics of lakes Bolonha and Água Preta for the RMB, decomposing the existing normative paradox. In the second part, the historical and legal characteristics of the UCs were studied in order to compare and verify the adequacy of the APA Metropolitana de Belém and the PEUt in relation to Law No. 9,985/2000, which governs territorially protected spaces. In the third, the possibility of operationalizing the new sanitation framework for the use of the Bolonha and Água Preta springs in the area of an Integral Protection Conservation Unit was interpreted. As a result of the research, it was concluded that there is a normative paradox with disparate laws for the same socio-territorial space that are compatible with the water supply in the region, but are incompatible with the new legal framework for sanitation.