Indicadores de pressão, estado, impacto e resposta (peir) para avaliação da conservação das áreas de manguezais do município de São Caetano de Odivelas - PA

Abstract

São Caetano de Odivelas is a municipality in the Amazon coastal zone, located in the Microregion of Salgado, in the Northeast of Pará, with the coastline cut by wide recesses or the coast of “rias”, composing a dynamic environment, under which a vast mangrove forest. Recently, the Mocapajuba Extractive Reserve was created in the municipality in 2014. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the mangrove areas from driving force, pressure, state, impact and response indicators (PSIR), to provide support to the management of the Conservation Unit. The method chosen was the use of socio environmental indicators, combined with the DPSIR methodology created by the United Nations Environment Program - UNEP, and updated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD. It was necessary to carry out a systematic review of the literature and conducting on-site visits, in order to assist in monitoring the state and in the analysis of the pressures found in the study area, parallel to this, a classification of the different types of land use was made. in order to identify the anthropic causal activities or sources of pressures and impacts. And the responses obtained through the research of programs and projects at the federal and municipal levels that can solve or mitigate impactful actions. The methodology proved to be satisfactory, as it allowed to infer about the following indicators: Pressure (P) urban expansion, tourist intensity and the absence of sewage treatment; State (E) legally protected area, with high environmental relevance and ecological functions and "in natura" sewage discharge in the Mojuim River; Impact (I), the most significant ones were applied to the model according to the weighting performed. these being: mangrove deforestation, overfishing due to tourism and the effects of waste disposal in inappropriate areas, on the quality of life of the population and the natural environment. The analysis of the answers (R) revealed the Mocapajuba Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX), since from it it is possible to obtain control over land use, under the domain of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) (federal sphere) ; the guidelines of the Brazilian Forest Code in Areas of Permanent Preservation - APP (MMA), in contrast, the municipal government through investments and public expenses with the purpose of promoting the protection and management of natural resources, such as the promotion of environmental education. Thus, the need for an effective inspection and long-term projects for environmental management, which reconciles use with environmental protection, stands out. Thereby, this work is configured as an important tool, in order to provide subsidies for the elaboration of environmental planning projects and management policies, and actions based on the protection of the mangrove ecosystems.