Políticas de energia no Brasil: difusão de usinas hidrelétricas para a indústria agropecuária na Amazônia

Abstract

Energy policies in Brazil have been undergoing several reforms to implement privatization, using concessions for private companies, creating the energy market with differences in energy economic agents. At the same time as politics, the country is under global pressure to invest in renewable energy. Among these energies stand out as SHPs. The increase in water availability in the Legal Amazon, the diffusion by expansion of SHPs and UHEs around the agricultural industry in the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Pará, Maranhão and Rondônia is underway. This is when the connection between the spaces of these water plants and the obstinate nature of silos, warehouses and slaughterhouses is done. The diffusion of these PCHs and UHEs are materialized in the plants in operation, in the plants under study and in the plants with study processes. The main objective of this work was to analyze how the current global energy transition has influenced energy policies in Brazil. The specific objectives were: to understand how energy policies in Brazil have contributed to increasing the diffusion of UHEs and SHPs around the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon; understand how energy policy and the energy market in Brazil have been reflected in the increase in demand for hydropower in the Legal Amazon; demonstrate how the territorial-productive dynamics of soy work, as well as the surroundings of silos and warehouses and livestock (refrigerators) which cause the demand for electricity to increase, therefore, in more constructions of small and large hydroelectric plants in the Legal Amazon. The methodology used was a bibliographical review of a theoretical-methodological nature of Geography, Sociology, Engineering and Economics. Documentary analysis on energy policy and planning in Brazil. Primary and secondary data collected on the websites of IBGE, ME, ANEEL, EPE, MAPA and ODS. Finally, maps, graphs, tables and maps were built, as well as figures extracted from documents. The form of presentation of these data was in a graphical form. It is concluded that the diffusion of hydropower plants in the Legal Amazon is underway, because the PCHs are renewable and the UHEs can be built by run-of-river, as well as this diffusion is induced by the demand for energy from the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon. As well, this diffusion is also fostered by the global climate change policy that influences the global energy transition.