A governança da mercantilização da natureza na Amazônia: uma análise a partir do Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV/PA) e da racionalidade neoliberal

Abstract

Facing the emergence of the global environmental agenda and the modern-capitalist pretensions implemented through the paradigm of sustainability and the green economy, this doctoral thesis analysed the institutional dynamics of the Green Municipality Program (PMV) in the state of Pará and its respective relationship with the processes of commodification of nature in the Brazilian Amazon. Based on the theoretical critical contributions of political ecology and governance studies, this research adopted the neoliberal rationality as the "conductor" of the processes that not only guide the State's flexibility in favour of market interests, but also the flexibility of lives. Using documentary research and semi-structured interviews, as well as the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework as a useful method for organizing institutional analytical structures, this research is positioned at the intersection of Political Science, International Relations and studies social and environmental; the interdisciplinary and predominantly qualitative analytical effort in question interpreted the PMV as a technical neoliberal political device and reaffirmed the urgency of reflections on international environmental pressures on the Brazilian Amazon, on developmental policies historically directed to the region and, finally, on the eco-tragedy cyclical that gains its worst contour, under the aegis of globalization and the governmental crisis imposed on Brazil. As a result, it was found that the PMV brings with it other undeclared propositions, exercising subjective control over individuals and territories, legitimizing and prioritizing market dynamics, based on the greening of the economy, competitiveness and compensatory logic; in this sense, the research found the central hypothesis that the institutional dynamics of the PMV reinforce the processes of commodification of nature in the Amazon, negatively impacting social and environmental local conditions.