Violações de direitos humanos em contextos extrativistas na América Latina: a raça enquanto questão fundante

Abstract

The dissertation analyzes race as the first criterion capable of explaining the prevalence of human rights violations in the context of essentially extractive business activities in the Americas. In order to do so, it resorts to the historical landmarks of the foundation of capitalism, as this system is the essential element to understand another great point: the racial division of labor and the Global North-South relations, present until the present day. In the peripheries, the capital accumulation strategies of the large companies of the North (center) involve, in addition to the great exploitation of the workforce, the appropriation of territories, given their interest in extracting large volumes of natural resources, the basis of the economies of the countries in the region. These elements are key to explaining the immense pressure suffered in the territories, whose populations, mostly Afro-descendants and indigenous people, deal with persistent violence, dispossession and power disparities. The work studies the jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights to investigate how this court has considered the racial issue in cases related to extractive activities that violate human rights, and concludes that the current framework of corporate accountability in international systems for the protection of human rights, of a liberal nature, it does not offer adequate response capabilities for reparation and guarantees of non-repetition of violations, given the very essence of capitalism. However, a racial intervention in the critical discourse on liberalism tends to present exit routes for the search for racial justice in the Americas.