As sistemáticas em livros didáticos do ensino médio: considerações epistemológicas sobre os conteúdos escolares de biologia

Abstract

The classification system of living beings has shown changes in its criteria throughout history. This research is a qualitative analysis of the content of the systematics of living beings in biology textbooks. This work aims to analyze in what terms the contents of systematics of living beings are present in the didactic material of biology that is being disseminated in public schools in Brazil, since these books were selected by the PNLD 2021 according to the new BNCC, which proposes the replacement from curricular fragmentation by the interdisciplinary approach by Area of Knowledge, aiming at the development of competences. Seven books from four publishers approved by PNLD 2021 valid from 2022 to 2025 were selected. The content analysis was based on some aspects of Bardin (2016), aiming to recognize aspects of the presence of this content. For this analysis, five categories were created, which will be assigned three classifications, depending on the content presented in each collection, these categories are: Historical approach to evolution; Presentation of phylogenetic and cladistic systematics; Presence of Taxonomy; Coherence between classification and evolution; Importance of knowing and preserving biodiversity. It was understood that the BNCC presents few proposals for these contents and the way in which these contents are presented portray the same failures of PNLD's from previous years.