Warao mulheres em deslocamento: um estudo sobre a política pública de acolhimento de indígenas refugiadas em Belém-Pa nos anos de 2017 a 2021

Abstract

The Warao people, forced to move due to several events that occurred in their territory of origin, started to cross the border from Venezuela to Brazil in 2014, entering the country through the northern region. In Belém, the first group arrived in July 2017. From there, it was possible to observe a continuous and growing flow of displacements of Warao indigenous people to the municipality. In this scenario, the Warao women stand out, who, on the one hand, arrive largely vulnerable, due to the articulation between ethnicity and gender, which can be viewed from an intersectional approach, and on the other hand, assume the protagonism that determines their experiences in the context of displacement. Vulnerabilization and protagonism, therefore, justify the gender focus attributed to the research. Therefore, the positive action of public authorities is imperative, through the implementation of public policies that are really effective and adequate for indigenous women. In this perspective, the present work aims to analyze to what extent the public policy for the reception of indigenous refugees implemented in Belém is adequate to the ethnicity and gender condition of the Warao women. Thus, we sought to identify who the Warao are and the context of forced displacement they experience; to analyze the categories of ethnicity and gender, from an intersectional approach, the situation of vulnerability and protagonism and crafts as a resistance practice of the Warao women; demonstrate the relationship between the State and national indigenous peoples and the Warao ethnic group and the contexts of violence in which they are inserted; and analyze Vivir Bien as a parameter for a public policy of adequate reception for Warao women, from a decolonial perspective, and the role of the prior consultation protocol as an instrument to decolonize public policy. About methodology, a decolonial methodological path was adopted, with a qualitative approach, with a bibliographic and documentary research design. Finally, it was understood that it is necessary to decolonize the public reception policy, and this is done through the prior consultation protocol. With the results of the research, a product for practical intervention was presented, which was the course entitled “Warao women and municipal public policies: a necessary dialogue on migration, ethnicity and gender in the service flows in Belém-PA”, aimed at professionals who work in the care of the Warao people in Belém. Then, the intervention was carried out, as a strategy for the impact of the product on society.