Caracterização socioeconômica da pesca artesanal na Resex Marinha de Araí-Peroba (PA)

Abstract

The research conducted in the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve in Pará aimed to socioeconomically characterize fishing families, assess their financial resilience, and investigate perceptions of fishery management. Data was collected between March and July 2022 in 11 communities, totaling 293 interviews. Data collection was carried out through the Fish Forever Program, implemented by Rare Brazil, using an electronic form that covered topics such as demographics, livelihoods, fishing, resilience, and social capital. The results indicate that artisanal fishing is the primary source of income, accounting for 74.7% of the total family income, but 42.7% of respondents reported a significant decrease in catch over the past two years. The research revealed that the exclusive dependence on fishing exposes communities to socioeconomic risks, especially in the face of environmental and economic variations. The diversification of income sources is identified as an essential strategy to increase economic resilience. Additionally, the research highlighted the division of labor by gender, with men predominating in catching and women in fish processing. Valuing women's roles and promoting gender equality are fundamental to improving the living conditions of communities. The study also highlighted the importance of social capital, showing that mutual trust and cooperation are crucial for sustainable management practices. It is concluded that an integrated and multidimensional approach that values local knowledge, promotes financial inclusion, and strengthens social capital is essential for the sustainable management of fishery resources in the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve.