“Dias de luta, dias de glória”: trabalhadoras/es de saúde em HIV/Aids sob o olhar da psicodinâmica do trabalho, em um hospital de referência, no Pará

Abstract

The emergence of the HIV/SIDA epidemic in Brazil was marked by great social mobilization in the country's large urban centers, since the first case of the disease in 1982. Health professionals had to concentrate efforts to face it. Affected by the drama of the patients, they received psychological support from Emílio Ribas Hospital, the first hospital with an AIDS Center, becoming a reference in the field of infectious diseases, until today (MENDONÇA; ALVES; CAMPOS, 2010). Thus, this research aimed to analyze the work organization of health workers in the care of HIV / AIDS patients, in a reference hospital in Pará; identify the possible experiences of pleasure and psychological suffering in this work; to investigate the individual defense mechanisms and collective defensive strategies adopted, in confronting the existing reality. The methodology adopted was exploratory and qualitative research, using the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. The instruments of analysis were semi-structured interviews, with the technique of individual interviews. The research was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee with human beings, linked to the Graduate Program in Psychology, at the Federal University of Pará, as well as by the Ethics Committee of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, in compliance with Resolution 510 / 2016 of the National Health Council - Ministry of Health. For the analysis of the data, we used the technique of Analysis of Nuclei of Sense (ANS), adapted from the technique of categorical content developed by Bardin (1977). The analysis of the information and reports allows us to verify that the work organization is characterized by aspects that involve different work ties, by an intense and exhaustive workday, through the daily demands in the care with HIV/SIDA patients who arrive at the hospital very debilitated. Working conditions are deficient in terms of physical structure, lighting, temperature, cleanliness, condition of equipment and shortage of resources, such as medicines. In order to face reality, workers use the individual defense mechanism for denial and collective defense strategies for rationalization and denial, with ways of thinking, acting and feeling compensatory. Pleasure is given through the sense given to social contribution, in the recovery and gratitude of patients and families, in constant learning and support among the work team. Recognition is evidenced by peers, when they praise, help and value each other's work. The existence of collective discussion groups was not mentioned, where the workers can talk about their feelings, anxieties and anxieties in doing work. This research enables the expansion of current knowledge and reflections on public health, with regard to the mental health of workers in HIV/SIDA care, as well as allowing actions to promote improvements in service networks aimed at PVHA, in the country and, more specifically, in the state of Pará.