Modelagem de Informação da Construção (BIM) para Proposição de Alternativas de Tratamento de lixiviado

Abstract

The treatment of municipal solid waste leachate involves significant technical complexity due to its highly diverse composition, which is concentrated in organic, inorganic, and emerging contaminants, demanding a high level of engineering design. In this context, the use of facilitating tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the conception, execution, and management phases of these projects becomes essential for optimizing the time and resources required for each related stage. This is supported by Decree-Law No. 10,306 of April 2, 2020, and Law No. 14,133 of April 1, 2021. Given the need for adapting engineering projects to BIM and the environmentally adequate management of leachate generated in sanitary landfills, this dissertation aims to apply the BIM concept in the development of leachate treatment alternatives, exploring two treatment arrangements: alternative 01 for the low-load scenario and alternative 02 for the high-load scenario. The results obtained from the application of BIM in the design of the two leachate treatment alternatives were: (I) quantities of pipes, connections, hydraulic equipment, and treatment units; (II) verification of the number of inconsistencies in the two models; and (III) graphical pieces and images of the models. The quantity of alternative 02 exceeded alternative 01 by 100% in most of the items analyzed, except for the pipes, due to the complexity of alternative 02 and the scenario it pertains to (high load), thus requiring a greater allocation of resources. Regarding the inconsistencies observed in both models, a total of 64 inconsistencies between pipes, connections, and special valves were identified and corrected. As a result of the modeling, 70 graphical pieces, 10 quantity tables, and 8 rendered 3D images were generated. Regarding the evaluation of the leachate treatment alternatives 01 and 02 through the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, indices of 0,94 and 0,74 was obtained, respectively. These values highlight the difference between the two scenarios (high load and low load) and the need for greater infrastructure and more significant resources in the expansion of the leachate treatment plant for alternative 02. By comparing the treated effluent discharge standards from CONAMA 430/2011 with international standards for treated leachate discharge, it was observed that Japan, Australia, France and United States of America were the countries most similar to Brazil, presenting similar regulated parameter values of 52.63%, 42.11%, 42.11% and 42.11 respectively. However, many of these parameters have different maximum allowable values when compared to those in Brazil, emphasizing the need for the requalification of current regulations and resolutions. Considering all the results obtained in this dissertation, the application of BIM in engineering projects proves to be a promising approach for optimizing time and resources in the conception, execution, and management of projects, although still in early stages in Brazil.