Economia de PFNM na Resex Guariba Roosevelt no noroeste Mato-Grossense

Abstract

The Brazilian Amazon provides ecosystem services that are crucial for the entire planet, including carbon sequestration, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, and hydrological cycles. However, these benefits are increasingly threatened by environmental pressures, forest conversion, and illegal economic activities. To address these challenges, Brazil has implemented measures such as the creation of protected areas, such as Conservation Units. Among these, the Extractive Reserves (RESEX) stand out, as sustainable-use areas that are home to traditional communities, such as extractivists. This thesis focuses on the extractive activities within the Guariba Roosevelt RESEX, located in the state of Mato Grosso, the only RESEX in the state facing significant environmental pressures. The primary source of income for the extractivists is the exploitation of nontimber forest products (NTFP), and forest preservation is essential for maintaining their traditional way of life. To meet the study's objectives, an interdisciplinary methodology was employed, combining a bibliographic review of major academic scientific databases with field research in the RESEX, using semi-structured questionnaires. The results demonstrated the socioeconomic profile of the extractivists, showing that the majority are aged 40 or older, indicating a trend of younger generations leaving in search of alternative opportunities. This shift impacts the NTFP production. The study also identified the main NTFPs harvested in the RESEX and those with untapped potential, which remain unexploited due to logistics challenges, lack of training and insufficient labor. Additionally, a land use and land cover analysis using remote sensing data (raster format) from MapBiomas was conducted to assess erosion, avoided deforestation total carbon stock, and the RESEX ' s potential in the carbon market. Finally, the perceptions of extractivists regarding climate change, biodiversity, and outmigration of young people were analyzed. The findings indicate that young people are leaving the RESEX primarily for employment and education opportunities, and infrastructure improvements, they have lost interest in extractive activities.