Avaliação comparativa entre a estimativa do impacto gerado por efluentes domésticos de assentamentos espontâneos e de ocupação formal na bacia do Tucunduba em Belém - Pará

Abstract

The aim of this research is to present a comparative evaluation of environmental damage produced by different housing contexts whithin the same urban space, in a district of Belém municipality, called Guamá, one represents a formal context José Bonifácio Av., and other represents the informally produced space Riacho Doce community. This evaluation has taken into account the following features, namely: per capita consumption of water, per capita consumption of sewage, universality and equality of the provision of sanitation services (water supply, sewage), charging for water supply, quality and accessibility of services, housing context, socio-environmental features, in order to characterize the population living in those referred areas and finally to estimate the organic charge (Tonne / day) and the flux of effluents generated in spontaneous settlements and in a consolidated urban area, with the aim of identifying which housing context presents greater potential for impact in terms of flow generation and organic charge on effluents receiving basin, in this case the Tucunduba basin. Although the results are relatively close values, in the area of the Riacho Doce the flux of sewage is estimated as 44,38 m3/ day and organic charge is estimated as 13,31 Kg of DBO/day, whereas in the area of the José Bonifácio the flux of sewage is estimated as 43,06 m3/day and organic charge is estimated as Kg of DBO /day. It was possible to verify from results, that there are differences between the environmental impacts yield by the two areas above referred on the receiving basin of river Tucunduba, being that the environmental impact generated by Riacho Doce, where the population remains in contact with the effluent and under a greater sanitary vulnerability, since that effluents of Jose Bonifacio Av. are guided by drainage system and its organic charge is diluted by flux of rainwater to reach Tucunduba River (removing the contamination of its source) while the effluents from Riacho Doce are launched in natura directely below houses and in Tucunduba River.