Estudo de vibrações eólicas em linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica de alta tensão

Abstract

The increasing demand for electrical energy has stimulated the technological advance of the equipment associated to its transport, generating a situation in which one has to operate under ever increasing nominal voltages, mainly due to economical reasons. This fact has a direct implication on the diameter of the conductors, elevating their cost, as well as that of the supporting structures. In order to overcome this problem, without cost elevation of the electrical transmission line project, the idea is to use more than one conductor per phase, in a parallel assembly with small distances between cables, which can be achieved through the insertion of spacers at regular intervals between the supporting towers. However, operational mechanical problems may arise such as, for example, total or partial rupture of cables and/or spacers due to dynamical wind excitations. Thus, this work investigates the dynamical behavior of a bundle of cables of electrical transmission lines, using a finite element model, which reproduces the coupling between cables and the transmission lines’ spacers-dampers and the fixing structures, considering non-linear geometrical effects due to huge cable displacements, and line continuity, i.e., the adjacent vain, which is taken into account by the model as an equivalent stiffness. Wind load is modeled through a non-deterministic process, from its statistical properties, such that two parts are considered: an average load, statistically analyzed, and a variable load, analyzed as a transient. Results show that the variable load part conduces to a dynamic response of the model, which could represent a dominant behavior. Therefore, the traditional methodology of assuming wind load as a static excitation could lead, in some cases, to disastrous consequences.