Mudanças climáticas e a proteção dos direitos das populações tradicionais: análise do projeto de REDD+ no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Multiculturalism has influenced Law to attribute special rights to culturally diverse groups, which includes traditional peoples. From the multicultural perspective, these rights must be observed, where relevant, in every situation involving traditional peoples. One of these situations is the REDD+ mechanism (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the role ofconservation, sustainable managementof forestsand increasingforest carbon stocks). In Brazil, one of REDD+ initiatives is the REDD+ Project at Juma’s Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR), located in State of Amazonas. From the analysisof thedesignof REDD+the Juma Reserve, it is concluded that, to meettenure rights,REDD+should, among others, prioritizethe settlementof the possessionsof traditional peoplesand should not prohibitthe access ofsurrounding traditional peoplesto the project area.To respectthe rightof useof natural resources, the REDD+should, among others,avoidaffectingthe traditional practices of the groups involved and should recognizethe ownershipof carboncreditsto traditional populations. Torespectthe right ofprior and informed consent, REDD+should, among others, observe the forms of representationof the traditional and seek the consentin allits stages, through aparticipatory processand withappropriatediscussion.Finally, to meetthe right offair and equitable benefit sharing, REDD+should, among others,providebenefitsthat meet the realneeds oflocal groups, andshould seekthat benefits areproportionally and equally distributedbetween the communities, without distinctionbetween thoseinside theproject areaand its surroundings.