Território e gestão da pesca em coletividades locais no Nordeste paraense: estudo de caso no município de Marapanim-PA

Abstract

The search entitled Planning and Management of Fisheries in local communities in the Northeast Pará: A Case Study in the Municipality of Marapanim-PA, results from a geographical reading about the problems involved in the territorial dimension of artisanal fisheries in northeastern Pará, particularly, the local communities of fishermen / fisherwomen from Guarajubal and Vista Alegre villages in Marapanim, in the perspective of spatial planning policy for fisheries and aquaculture in Brazil proposal as a state policy. This, in turn, led by the Ministério da pesca e Aquicultura (MPA), that proposes the creation of new "fishing territory", which resulted from decisions made in a manner alien to the desires of the group of fishermen / fisherwomen who are dispersed into Brazil, particularly in northeastern Pará. The concept of territory becomes relevant in this sense because its spatial dimension is not limited to the understanding of fishing as an economic activity, but the set of relations produced by the subjects in different places where artisanal fishing practices. The dynamics produced by these relationships enabled us to understand the importance of territory and fisheries management practices as a result of the collective space demarcated on the terrestrial and aquatic environment and so the fishermen / fisherwomen territorial in Marapanim. The interaction with the local communities through discussions, interviews, open and semi-structured meetings with fishermen, questionnaires, and participant observation on the different places and landscapes is paramount in understanding the investigated object. Our results show that local communities survive on fishing with structural problems that prevent them from practicing their profession more safely, many of which are subject to a territorial precarious. By experiencing different realities, which have similarities in many aspects, are marked by social and economic conditions that impose them from exercising their right to be territorialized. Nevertheless, political subjects are able to design and build collective action for collective arrangements to organize their own projects in community life based on the values of family tradition, kinship and neighborhood.