Estudo da vulnerabilidade hídrica das populações que moram na região do Lago da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí no estado do Pará

Abstract

The Amazon has a large amount of water resources, and in Brazilian energy policy there is interest in the hydraulic exploitation of this region, for purposes of electric power generation, but these construction cause various social and environmental effects. In the Environmental Impact Studies and in the Environmental Impact Report of hydroelectric dams, the access and use of the water resources of the affected populations are not taken into account. Thus, this thesis aimed to study the water vulnerability of the populations living in the lake region of Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the State of Pará (PA). The question that led to the research hypothesis was: Is water vulnerability a social effect of hydroelectric construction? The analysis was carried out with the support of Social Cartography and Social Impact Assessment, associated with the use of the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework created by Elinor Ostrom, the Qualitative Comparative Analysis method and the fuzzy logic, operationalized by the software fsQCA 2.0. Socioeconomic, institutional and environmental conditions were considered as independent variables (X), in which the precariousness found in these conditions would reflect the water vulnerability that the residents of the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam would be exposed. The results confirmed the hypothesis of this thesis where the construction of the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam caused the water vulnerability of the inhabitants of the lake to a degree of "partially vulnerable" (0,1), and that the socioeconomic, institutional and environmental variables are necessary conditions for explain the phenomenon, however, are only sufficient when analyzed together.