Extração de areia e seixo: desenvolvimento ou degradação? O caso de Porto Grande/AP

Abstract

This dissertation approaches the aggregate extraction activity for civil construction (sand and pebble) and its relationship with the local development in the municipality of Porto Grande, state of Amapa. The aim is to analyze what socio-environmental impacts were generated by the activity and whether the same has helped or contributed to the local development of this municipality. Mining is an activity that usually causes environmental degradation. In Brazil, there are reports of mining companies who worked in several regions without proper socio-environmental responsibility, with a history of abandonment, leaving behind degraded areas and communities with no prospects of a better future. This research discusses development with the concept of human development, which is considered by the UN as the fulfillment of a set of requirements of well-being and quality of life. For the research, a qualitative assessment of the impacts generated by the sand and pebble extraction on land and the pebble extraction in the bed of the Araguari river was made through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), using the Interaction Matrix method, complemented with the Control List, adapted from previous studies. The interaction matrix identified the relationship of the actions developed in the activity with the environmental factors, and the control list showed the main socio-environmental impacts generated. The correlation of the mining activity with the local development was made from the relationship of social and economic data, as the IFDM, HDI and GDP per capita, with the CFEM. The data indicate that the activity itself has a certain influence on some social and economic indicators, notwithstanding, in areas where the extraction of aggregates occurs there is a large liability, causing an imbalance of the socioeconomic factors with the environment (Income, health and education). This research has supported the preparation of draft of the Term of Reference for the Degraded Areas Recovery Plan (PRAD), which will be submitted to the environmental licensing agency. This draft should be simple to understand and achievable by entrepreneurs, and easy to be monitored by the agency, supporting the execution of an activity with socio-environmental responsibility.