Dissertações em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (Mestrado) - PPGEAP/NEAP
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3479
O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou em 2007 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (PPGEAP) do Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas de peixe e sua relação à hidrodinâmica e à qualidade da água no entorno das ilhas do Combu e Murucutu, Belém - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) WANDERLEY, Clarissa Maria da Silva; MENEZES, Maria Ozilea Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4537440664948152; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792In order to compensate for the lack of information on fish larvae communities in the Amazonians region, this study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of larval density, diversity in relation to taxa and development stages. Data collected were related to water quality and hydrodynamic features at sample stations. Samples were taken in October/2008, January, April and July/2009 according to the pluviometric index. Samplings occurred in the Guama and Benedito Rivers bordering the Combu and Murucutu Islands as well as in the Paciência Canal which separates the two islands. The larvae were captured towing a conical plankton net with 330 μm mesh size, 0.5 m of diameter and 2.5 m in length. In parallel surface water were taken, for water quality analysis, and data hydrodynamic. Data were registered included univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA; RDA) approaches. Larval community included 4.983individuals distributed among the Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Tetraodontidae and Hemiramphidae families. The families Clupeidae and Engraulidae dominated, followed by the Sciaenidae family. The peak of larvae as well as the highest density of preflexion stage was registered in October/2008, during dry season pointing at a major spawning event. The Paciência Canal presented a higher larval abundance on its northern side, probably in relation to the strong water flow from the Guamá River. Moreover, the Paciência Canal presented differentiated larval densities for presenting more favorable environmental characteristics. In the area east of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant probably represent a less agitated than the area west. In the East side of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant, probably due to its quieter water when compared to the West side that received the ebbing waters of the Paciência Canal. Among all the parameters taken into considerations, the hydrodynamic were the only ones who showed the best associations to the larval communities. Distribution of larvae at different development stages remained constant over time. Taxa distribution only presented different in October/2008. Diversity and larval density was considered low, which may be related to huge input of freshwater. Water quality was not considered as a limiting factor for fish larvae growth and survival. Water dynamic in the Paciência Canal indicated that there is a restriction in the transport of fish larvae between Guamá and Benedito Rivers.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo ontogênico e taxonômico das larvas de algumas espécies de peixes da região Norte do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08) ANUNCIAÇÃO, Erica Moema Silva da; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792This study aimed to provide information on the morphological description of the species and ontogenetic Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae), Cynoscion acoupa (Sciaenidae), Colomesus pscitacus (Tetraodontidae) and Oligoplites palometa (Carangidae) from the northern region of Brazil. All individuals were analyzed for the integrity of their structures and subsequently identified. From the identification of each species, individuals were analyzed for their morphological, meristic, morphometric. To study the ontogenic were determined inflection points in the growth of structures, the development stages and their critical periods, then a PCA was performed for better visualization of the characters that best define the larval growth. The results indicated that the relative growth (depending on total length (TL) of the body parts studied followed negative allometry. The three stages of larval development defined depending on the ontogenic process differed between species in spite of their similarities in the chronology of the development body. So the initial development phase of the four species in F1 favors the anterior portion of the larvae while the back of the body showed the highest growth rate at the end of the larval stage. The two species of Sciaenidae Cynoscion acoupa and Plagioscion squamosissimus differ in the shape of the mouth and CT were observed when the first teeth, the differences also in the sequence of development of the fins, pigmentation in the presence and location of spines and body proportions. Colomesus pscitacus observed the occurrence of ossified teeth soon after hatching, this species occurs also the early appearance of the fins, pigmentation and maintaining body relation (characterizing the spherical shape of the body). Oligoplites palometa The species showed the pattern of development of the fins similar to those described for other species of this family which is associated as a standard characteristic for this family, as well as the presence of intense pigmentation and spines on opercular region and supra-occipital.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Seletividade de captura, dinâmica populacional, análise de estoque e sustentabilidade da pesca de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) a montante da barragem de Tucuruí, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-23) MARTINS, Jeronimo Carvalho; CINTRA, Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6632466008150577; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) is one of the main species landed into the area of influence of Tucuruí Hydroelectric plant; however there is little information available about the fishery and biology of the species in the area. Therefore, this study aims to investigate spatial changes of H. unimaculatus, determine selectivity curves for the fishing nets used and calculate some parameters of population dynamics. The study area was located on Tucuruí’s dam, including the reservatory (flooded area) and up-river section. The samples were colected on a quaterly basis for the years 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2006, and semiannually in 2002 and 2004, in five areas located in the lake and two areas upstream, usinga battery of gillnets 50 m long and 3 m high, with a stretched mesh size of 40, 60, 80, 100 mm between opposing nodes. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean total length and weight of the specimens at a significance level of 5%, the spatio-temporal variation of the catch was determined by cluster analysis and the SIMPER; selectivity for network construction curves selection, and population aspects (growth, longevity, mortality, recruitment and yield per recruit) with the aid of the FISAT II. Results showed that females were bigger and heavier than males. During the first period (2001 – 2003) the study area was shared in spawning grounds and growth, while in the final period (2005-2007) there was no difference in the use of space. The mesh of 60 mm is the most suitable for fishing, considering the capture of 50% of adults. The sex ratio was 1.44:1 favorable to females (χ2 c = 28.86; p < 0.0001). Relations total weight / total length showed a positive correlation and did not differ between sexes (t = -0.097; p = 0.9229), with males and females exhibited isometric growth. The condition factor was not different between the sampling points, suggesting that the species uses the entire study area as a feeding zone. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 358 mm, k = 0.55 yr-1 and t0 = -0.15 year. The average total mortality and natural were 3.04 yr-1 and 0.7 yr-1, respectively. The exploitation rate was estimated at 0.77 and the yield per recruit showed that the rate of exploitation of the H. unimaculatus stock should be reduced by 52% to maintain the recruitment and spawning. So with all the information generated, it can be seen that change in the structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of H. unimaculatus is a process of continuous adaptation and appropriate fisheries management becomes essential for the preservation of the species. To reach this goal, it is necessary to review the current fisheries legislation, seeking an optimal mesh size for catching the species, decrease the rate of exploitation and regularly monitor the selectivity and population parameters.