Dissertações em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (Mestrado) - PPGEAP/NEAP

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3479

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou em 2007 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (PPGEAP) do Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação e comparação de projetos comunitários de ostreicultura localizados no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) HOSHINO, Priscila; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
The aquaculture is being characterized as strategy to minimize the reduction of the fish. At Pará, the oyster farming was implanted in 2003 as an opportunity regarding to occupation and profits generation at Northeastern of this state. In 2005 this initiative was expanded to other communities with different levels of familiarity with the mollusk, regarding to the support either on the researches in this sector or on the extractive activity. This research evaluated the communitarian oyster farming performance in the state of Pará. It was studied three projects with at least two years of implementation and with either different levels of preservation and oyster harvest activity. The implementation of the firsts cultivations occurred simultaneously and in a similar way regarding to institutional support, however with different performances. The main producer issues are to obtain the license to develop this activity and also the necessity to take care about the tide. It is necessary to provide more detailed feasibility studies, with more commitment from the side of the interested institutions in order to perform the actions they are supposed to work out, providing events where it will be possible to spread the information and discuss the aquaculture bottlenecks at the state of Pará, as well to provide a consolidated partners network to prepare the groups regarding to organization, activity management and helping in the market access. The most part of the oyster famers are small producers, artisanal fishermen that found a way to manage their families via oyster farming. However, the oyster farming is a secondary activity to them, once it is still not enough to support their necessities. Nevertheless, several farmers already declared once they manage how to increase the oyster production they will be exclusively dedicated to this activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas de camarões (Decapoda) no estuário do Rio Marapanim, Pará, litoral norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MARQUES, Adriana da Silva Pinto; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Despite the ecological and economic importance larvae of shrimp, there is no knowledge on shrimp larvae in the Marapanim estuary (Pará, Brazil). With the aim of studying the species composition, abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of these larvae in the estuary in relation to season (dry, transition and rainy), estuary zone (1, 2 and 3), sampling site (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3) and profile (A and B), monthly collections were carried out between August 2006 and July 2007. Biological samples were obtained from two horizontal drags at each sampling site at 0.5 m from the surface of the water column with the aid of a conical plankton net (aperture = 0.5 m and mesh = 200 μm). Abiotic data were a lso gathered, such as temperature, salinity and pH of the water. A total of 4644 shrimp larvae from the infra-orders Penaeidea and Caridea were collected. Among the species and/or families encountered, the most abundant were Alpheus estuariensis (302.59 larvae/m3), Palaemonidae (97.05 larvae/m3) and elaphocaris stage of Sergestidae (90.47 larvae/m3), with A. estuariensis the most frequent (76.39%). Greater abundance, diversity and richness of the shrimp larvae occurred in the dry season. Cluster analysis of the monthly abundance of larvae led to the formation of three groups with 65% similarity, in which A. estuariensis was dominant and was the species that most contributed to the similarity in the groups. The main difference among groups was due to Sergestidae, Palaemonidae and Xiphopenaeus kroyeri larvae densities. Among the abiotic factors studied, the salinity was the factor that most influenced the spatial-temporal distribution of the shrimp larvae in the Marapanim estuary, important region for larval recruitment of shrimp species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da ictiofauna durante o período seco, na Baía do Guajará e Baía do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MELO, Ylana Priscila da Costa; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290
The Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó coverage area of search and inserted into the context of the estuary Paraense, are characterized by receiving the majority of freshwater discharge and submit macrotidal area. The fishing in this region is of great importance to the economy of several municipalities in the state of Pará, including the capture of several species and different fishing gear and two fleets and technologically distinct (artisanal and industrial). As part of the research study in the Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó, it was necessary to contribute with important information related to biology and ecology of the environment, where such information was used to perform the characterization of the fish fauna of the area during the dry period in order to survey the local diversity, since the majority of fish landed in Bethlehem is from these areas through fishing. The study included areas belonging to the state of Pará, covering the port terminals Bay of Guajará and Bay of Marajó. An extra collection was performed in the area of the island of Mosqueiro. The data available so far do not show differentiation in the composition of the fauna of the areas studied. It was estimated a total of 37 fish species, accounting for 4379 individuals in the Bay of Guajará Bay of Marajó and Mosqueiro island, where the family was more representative Scianidade grouping species that contributed the most, which were: Hake (Plagioscion squamosissimus) and Curuca (Stellifer rastrifer) (assumed to be constant, ie, effectively making up the fish fauna of the place in the bay of Guajará, as in the bay of Marajó and the island of Mosqueiro). Among the 37 species, 4 were considered constant, 26 were occasional white and 7 catches. Hake (Plagioscion squamossisimus) and Curuca (Stellifer microps) were the most important species for fisheries in terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE), frequency of occurrence, and relative contribution of Simper analysis (multivariate). Being only the island of Mosqueiro that stood out: Mackerel (Pellona flavipinis), because of marine influence in this area is higher, which thus characterizes the local biota and distinguish it from other regions. Overall diversity was low with greater variations, and the evenness remained free of major difference between the areas. The area had low species diversity compared to other estuaries, mainly explained by the high hydrodynamic of the area and high flow vessels, making the environment inhospitable to the emergence of some species. More emphasis has earned the bay of Guajará has great ecological importance because it is considered as the nursery, and therefore economical, as there are commercial species that spend part of their life cycle there.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da comunidade microfitoplanctônica relacionada com os parâmetros físico-químicos do estuário do rio Guajará-Mirim (Vigia - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-31) CARDOSO, Fábio Ferreira; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Estuaries are rich nutrients environments, favoring reproduction and development of several species. Phytoplankton represents a considerable portion of primary production in these environments and, together with other factors, regulates the biological productivity levels. This study aimed to know the microphytoplankton dynamics and its correlation with environmental factors in the Guajará-mirim river’s estuary in the city of Vigia-PA, an important fishery center of the Pará state. Every two months were made collections of the phytoplankton and take measurements of physicochemical parameters in four collection stations along the estuary, in ebb and flood tide periods. Were determined the specific composition and density of microphytoplankton (org.L-1) and analysis of frequency of occurrence, diversity and evenness, clustering and principal components. Seasonally, was noted, mainly during the ebb tide, a considerable physicochemical variation, strongly related with hydrological cycle in the region. Seventy-eight taxa were recorded belonging to the Bacillariophyta (65), Chlorophyta (6), Cyanophyta (3), Dinophyta (3) and Ochrophyta (1) divisions. Bacillariophyta was dominant in species number, frequency of occurrence and density (99.89%). The monthly average densities of the microphytoplankton ranged from 9.999 (July) to 535.411 org L-1 (January). In January happened a bloom of Skeletonema costatum (max = 1.996.613 org.L-1). The microphytoplankton community was characterized as the median diversity (annual general mean = 2.40). The seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters and species density was the predominant factor to the grouping of samples, and it formed two major groups, the first composed by samples of the rainy season and the second by samples of the drought period. The principal components analysis showed that, despite the physicochemical parameters have low spatial and seasonal variability, the variation in rate of rainfall, total dissolved solids content and salinity was decisive in the variation of density of most species and also promoted a slight increase in diversity in the drought period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da biologia reprodutiva de Plagioscion squamosissimus (HECKEL, 1840) e Plagioscion surinamensis (BLEEKER, 1873) no terminal de Vila do Conde e área adjacente (Barcarena - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-29) BARBOSA, Neuciane Dias; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Port of Vila do Conde, situated in the city of Barcarena/PA, have been exposed to a number of environmental disasters in recent years which can eventually cause the disequilibrium of the use that the aquatic resources make of the environment and consequently to the ecosystem as a whole. Artisanal fishery in this region is relevant, detaching Plagioscion squamosissimus and P.surinamensis as the mains sources of income and food for the population. The objective of this study was to describe the areas of concentration and the reproductive biology of P. squamosissimus and P. surinamensis in the adjacent area of Vila do Conde, mainly identifying the importance of the use of these environments for reproduction. Aiming to identify to the period and fishing sites of greater species abundance, it was obtained the index of abundance CPUE (Kg/viagem) based on data collected from June 2007 to May 2008. The determination of the use of the area for reproduction and the description of reproductive biology was based on 40 to 53 individuals of each species collected from the commercial fishery in a bimensal basis. In laboratory, total length and total weight was registered and gonads were removed for the identification of sexual maturity. The abundance of P. squamosissimus is maximum between September and February and for P. surinamensis it is registered between March the May. The weight-length relationship showed isometry for the females of P. squamosissimus and for both sexes of P. surinamensis. For males of P. squamosissimus positive alometry was registered. The sexual ratio was favorable to the males for P. surinamensis (1,05male: 1female) and favorable to the females (1,11female: 1male) for P. squamosissimus. The value of L50 (length at first maturity) for P. squamosissimus was 16,14 cm for females and 21,43 cm for males. The length at first maturity for P. surinamensis was 27,65 cm for females and 27,13 cm for the males. The percentage of individuals in reproduction of the P. squamisissimus is considerable. The peak of the reproduction of this species (October/November and February/March) coincides with the peak of abundance, indicating that this species is in the area for reproduction. P.surinamensis presented greater percentage of immature and maturing individuals, indicating that this species uses this area mainly as a nursery. For P. surimamensis, reproductive individuals was mainly reported in August/September and October/November.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eficiência de diferentes abordagens metodológicas e caracterização das associações macrobentônicas estuarinas da zona costeira amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-10) MONTEIRO, Viviane Ferreira; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898
The estuarine macrobenthic communities from Amazonian coastal regions were characterized using different mesh sizes and sampling depths. The samplings were performed in Algodoal island and peninsula of Ajuruteua (PA), during rainy and dry seasons (June and December 2007, respectively) at the following habitats: mangrove edge, mangrove, sandy and muddy-sandy paths. At each habitat eight biological samples were collected using a cylindrical corer with 0.0079 m², as well as samples for sediment analysis (texture, moisture and organic matter concentrations) and chlorophyll a and pheopigments concentrations. Each biological sample was devided into three strata (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) and they were sieved on mesh screen sizes of 1.0, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.25 mm. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MDS, ANOSIM, SIMPER and BIOENV) techniques were used for data analysis. Macrofaunal composition consisted of 68 taxa with dominance of Annelida (Tubificidae and Capitellidae). Meshes of 0.3 and 0.25 mm were the most efficient in terms of retention of organisms and species, while the mesh of 1.0 mm lost significant quantities of organisms, especially Tubificidae. The samples collected at 10 and 20 cm depth did not differ significantly regarding to the number of taxa and organisms. Significant spatial variations were observed on the macrofaunal structure between habitats in both locations and sampling moments, with higher density and richness in muddy paths (mangrove edge and mangrove). The amount of clay, organic matter and moisture concentrations of the sediment were the most correlated environmental variables with the fauna. It could be concluded that: 1. the benthic macrofauna in Algodoal island and peninsula of Ajuruteua was composed by few taxa, and those were typically estuarine and of small dimensions, dominated by Annelida; 2. for characterization of benthic macrofauna is necessary to take samples at 10 cm depth and sieve them on mesh of 0.3 mm size; 3. Muddy-sandy habitats presented normally highest densities and richness; 4. only in Algodoal island was observed temporal variation in the structure of benthic macrofauna; 5. the amount of clay, pheopigments and moisture content in the sediment were the main factors responsible for macrofaunal structure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica populacional de Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 (Decapoda: Callianassidae) da Ilha de Maiandeua-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-10) GIRARD, Thátila Celestino; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898
Thalassinidea is marine invertebrate of great importance in the ecology of softbottom environments, especially given its influence on the flow of oxygen, energy and nutrients, and bioturbate activities. These ghost shrimps live in burrows of which depends for your needs, like protection, reproduction and feeding. In some places of the world this group has been exploited as bait. The burrowin shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Lovett, 1993 (Crustacea: Callianassidae) occurs from Florida to Brazil. This study aim evaluate the structure and dynamic population of L.siriboia in the Maiandeua island (PA), associating processes observed with environmental characteristics related to sediment and water. Samples were taken monthly between June 2007 and May 2008, with a suction pump. In laboratory, animals were sexed, measured and weighed. In ovigerous females was counted the numbers of eggs in pleopods. The growth was estimated through the von Bertalanffy model that determines the relationship between carapace length (CC) and age (t). A total of 1268 organisms were captured (753 males and 515 females), which lengths ranged from 0,3 to 1,85 cm and the weight from 0,01 to 3,09g. The females monthly mean length was significantly higher than males (p<0,05) in almost months of the year. The carapace length and weight was high and significant correlation to males and females, with length positive allometric to both sexes. The size of first maturation reached was 0,7 cm to females and 0,6 cm to males. Males were proportionally more abundant, totalizing 59,4% of all organisms captured (sex ratio of 1,46 males: 1 female). There was a significant predominance of males in size classes between 0,3 and 1,2 cm and females in the size classes higher/equal than 1,2 cm. There was registred 139 ovigerous females, in which the majority (48,2%) occurred in the class interval 1,1 to 1,2 cm of carapace length. Absolute fecundity ranged of 0 to 1546 eggs/female, with average 826,25 eggs/female. There was positive and significative correlation between the numbers of eggs and the female weight. The growth female was smaller than males, and observed values for males of L_: 1,63 , K: 1, C: 0,2, WP: 0,18 e to females; L_: 1,68, K: 0,8, C: 0,2 e WP: 0,09. Mortality estimates of males were higher than females in all method used: catch curve (Z=1,67 e Z=0,11 to males and females), Beverton & Holt (Z=1,9 e Z= 1,76 to males and females) and Powell-Wetherall (Z/K=3,98 e Z/K= 2,25 to males and females). There was registered three recruitment pulses in November, February and May. The results showed : 1. males mean length is smallest than females throughout the year; 2. females are dominants in the size classes higher (_1,2 cm); 3. The reproduction is continuous with ovigerous females throughout the year; 4. growth parameters calculated was higher for males than females; 5. Females had reduced growth rate in January (WP:0,09) and males in February (WP:0,18); 6. the mortality is higher to males; 7. recruitment occurs throughout the year with three pronounced peaks in November, February and May.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo ontogênico e taxonômico das larvas de algumas espécies de peixes da região Norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08) ANUNCIAÇÃO, Erica Moema Silva da; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792
This study aimed to provide information on the morphological description of the species and ontogenetic Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae), Cynoscion acoupa (Sciaenidae), Colomesus pscitacus (Tetraodontidae) and Oligoplites palometa (Carangidae) from the northern region of Brazil. All individuals were analyzed for the integrity of their structures and subsequently identified. From the identification of each species, individuals were analyzed for their morphological, meristic, morphometric. To study the ontogenic were determined inflection points in the growth of structures, the development stages and their critical periods, then a PCA was performed for better visualization of the characters that best define the larval growth. The results indicated that the relative growth (depending on total length (TL) of the body parts studied followed negative allometry. The three stages of larval development defined depending on the ontogenic process differed between species in spite of their similarities in the chronology of the development body. So the initial development phase of the four species in F1 favors the anterior portion of the larvae while the back of the body showed the highest growth rate at the end of the larval stage. The two species of Sciaenidae Cynoscion acoupa and Plagioscion squamosissimus differ in the shape of the mouth and CT were observed when the first teeth, the differences also in the sequence of development of the fins, pigmentation in the presence and location of spines and body proportions. Colomesus pscitacus observed the occurrence of ossified teeth soon after hatching, this species occurs also the early appearance of the fins, pigmentation and maintaining body relation (characterizing the spherical shape of the body). Oligoplites palometa The species showed the pattern of development of the fins similar to those described for other species of this family which is associated as a standard characteristic for this family, as well as the presence of intense pigmentation and spines on opercular region and supra-occipital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de características ambientais no uso dos canais-de-maré por três espécies de peixes bentófagos durante o período transição-seca no estuário de Curuçá (Pará-Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-10) ALMEIDA, José Bruno Araújo de; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
The Curuçá estuary is part of a Conservation Unit (RESEX Great Mother of Curuçá) since 2002 and has as main water courses the Curuçá River and Muriá bore. This study aimed to analyze the effect of environmental characteristics in the use of the creek on the benthophagous species Colomesus psittacus, Sciades herzbergii and Genyatremus luteus. The analysis involved the relationship of environmental data (salinity, submergence area and tree cover) and biotic data from the three species studied (density, biomass, feeding intensity and distribution of total length). The first expedition took place in July 2008 to collect the fish fauna and the second in October 2008 to conduct the tree inventory, and each campaign lasted for three days. For all the estuary of Curuçá, more precisely, along the Curuçá River and Muriá bore were allotted a total of six study sites, where within each site were sampled two creeks, making a total of twelve creeks sampled. The species C. psittacus, S. herzbergii and G. luteus were among the five most abundant and occurred in all sites, except for S. herzbergii, which was captured only in five of the six sites. The three species showed, among sites, highly significant differences for changes in their average density, biomass, index of fullness and length, except for G. luteus which did not show statistical differences in their average total length. All variations of the average environmental characteristics related to tree cover (density, height and diameter), as well as, the area of flood creek showed significant differences between sites. This study has showed: the influence of salinity gradient in the distribution of species within the estuary; spatial relations between the flooded area and availability of food resources, where the creek with larger flooded area were more conducive to forage fish fauna benthophagous; likely, there is a better yield when feeding species benthophagous occurs in creek surrounded by vegetation developed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, abundância e pesca da ictiofauna como indicadores do estado de conservação de dois lagos de várzea no baixo Rio Amazonas (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ALMEIDA, Morgana Carvalho de; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
The Amazon floodplain has a rich biodiversity and its characteristics influence the economically and ecologically important natural aquatic resources for the people. On the basis of these information, the objective of this research was to characterize the composition and abundance of ichthyofauna in two floodplain lakes in the Santarem region, and to understand the use I buy fishers in the Piracãoera and Campos fishing communities, in the Urucurituba region, and Barreira and Correio communities in the Tapará region. Samples were taken in the Aramanaí and Curiquara lakes considering the four hydrological periods (rising, flood, low, dry) for the period between July of 2006 and April of 2007. For the fish sampling were used set gillnets batteries. To collect data on catches of fishermen, forms were used that contained information about the characteristics of the fisheries. We caught 10,146 fish, which were distributed in 156 species, 27 families and 8 orders. The most abundant families in number of individuals were Sciaenidae and Loricariidae. In Aramanaí Lake, the Loricaria sp, was the species with the highest CPUAn with 0.02 individuals per m². hour. In terms of CPUAp featured species Potamotrygon motoro, with 0.13 g.m ². hour and Pterygoplichthys pardalis with 0.11 g. m². hour. In Curiquara Lake, the main catch in number of individuals was represented by the Pachypops fourcroi with 0,001 individuals per m² of gillnet. Curiquara and Aramanaí lakes 9 trophic guilds were identified and for both lakes fish piscivores and detritivores showed the largest catch by weight. The average length of individuals caught in the lakes was 20.27 ± 7.53 cm. The highest mean length of individuals was in the flood and lower in the low period. When fishing is practiced by fishermen used a variety of fishing gear devices highlighting the gill netting. The use of gear depends on the environment exploited, target species, and in addition to the season, and there may be combinations of more than one gear during the catch. The average yield of the fisheries in the two regions was 10 kg.fishermen.dia-1. In Urucurituba region the CPUE average was 16kg.fishermen.dia-1, in Tapará was 4.5 kg.fishermen.dia-1. The Urucurituba’s fishermen showed the higher catch volume and fish marketing. These communities are partially fulfilling the rules of the fisheries agreements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ictiofauna e a atividade pesqueira na Ilha das Onças, Barcarena - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) TORRES, Danielly Gurjão; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290
The Onças Island is one of the many islands that are on the left bank of the Guajará Bay, known mainly by the presence of palm tree that produces açaí as fruit (Euterpe oleracea) and the importance that its channels represent for the regional navigation. Among the main channels that make up the island, stands the Piramanha Channel, which crosses the Onças Island. The composition and distribution of the icthyofauna in this island is not well known, on that basis, this study aimed to describe the species in the region and its use for the environment and the importance they have for the local population. Fisheries were conducted quarterly in accordance with the climatic periods with block net in the river creek and gill nets in the channel. At the time of the sampling, abiotic data were recorded in situ (pH, salinity, temperature), with no results differences between the periods. Were captured 1177 individuals from 20 families, most of which were Aspredinidae, Sciaenidae and Pimelodidae, distributed in 39 species identified (27 in the channel and 26 in the river creek). The species were mostly constant (FO> 75%), and diversity was similar over time, with no dominant species in any period. The W statistics show disturbed environments, in the rainiest months of March and December, however, in them were also reported the greatest abundance (CPUEn and CPUEb), indicating that this analysis may not be suitable for environments where there is dominance of small individuals, causing a natural abundance, be confused with an exchange of dominance. Multivariate analysis showed that the environments are significantly different, mainly by numerical abundance of A. aspredo in the channel, and P. squamosissimus in the river creek, which together with the L. dorsalis, the H. marginatus, the A. aff. ucayalensis form the main species on the island. In the main channel were collected mostly estuarine especies, which feed mainly on zoobenthos and fish, and in the river creek, there was dominance of freshwater species, whose food preferences change over the year, apparently according to the rainfall. Generally the species are small and mediumsized (CT <30 cm), immature (mostly in stage A) and feed in a period of one year at least. Despite the favorable environment for fishing, 90% of residents has the açaí as its main source of income, and fishing as a secondary source, depending on harvest periods of açaí. The main fishing gear is the shrimp trap, that targets the Amazon shrimp (Macrobachium amazonicum), followed by gill net and block net, that targets species are mostly caught in the same abundance in this study. For small and low economic value, fishing on the island is mainly performed as a supplementary source of protein, since the intense fishing activity and disturbance caused by vessels further diminish this number.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal das larvas de peixe e sua relação à hidrodinâmica e à qualidade da água no entorno das ilhas do Combu e Murucutu, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) WANDERLEY, Clarissa Maria da Silva; MENEZES, Maria Ozilea Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4537440664948152; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792
In order to compensate for the lack of information on fish larvae communities in the Amazonians region, this study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of larval density, diversity in relation to taxa and development stages. Data collected were related to water quality and hydrodynamic features at sample stations. Samples were taken in October/2008, January, April and July/2009 according to the pluviometric index. Samplings occurred in the Guama and Benedito Rivers bordering the Combu and Murucutu Islands as well as in the Paciência Canal which separates the two islands. The larvae were captured towing a conical plankton net with 330 μm mesh size, 0.5 m of diameter and 2.5 m in length. In parallel surface water were taken, for water quality analysis, and data hydrodynamic. Data were registered included univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA; RDA) approaches. Larval community included 4.983individuals distributed among the Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Tetraodontidae and Hemiramphidae families. The families Clupeidae and Engraulidae dominated, followed by the Sciaenidae family. The peak of larvae as well as the highest density of preflexion stage was registered in October/2008, during dry season pointing at a major spawning event. The Paciência Canal presented a higher larval abundance on its northern side, probably in relation to the strong water flow from the Guamá River. Moreover, the Paciência Canal presented differentiated larval densities for presenting more favorable environmental characteristics. In the area east of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant probably represent a less agitated than the area west. In the East side of the Guamá River larvae were also abundant, probably due to its quieter water when compared to the West side that received the ebbing waters of the Paciência Canal. Among all the parameters taken into considerations, the hydrodynamic were the only ones who showed the best associations to the larval communities. Distribution of larvae at different development stages remained constant over time. Taxa distribution only presented different in October/2008. Diversity and larval density was considered low, which may be related to huge input of freshwater. Water quality was not considered as a limiting factor for fish larvae growth and survival. Water dynamic in the Paciência Canal indicated that there is a restriction in the transport of fish larvae between Guamá and Benedito Rivers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A atividade pesqueira nas ilhas do entorno de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SCHALLENBERGER, Bárbara Heck; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Amazonian estuary is a region with favorable conditions for productivity, and fishery is an important activity. The islands of Combu, Onças and Mosqueiro, focus of this study, are part of the Amazonian estuary and fishing is an important activity. Based on this information, the objective of this study was to describe and to compare the different types of fishing at Combu, Onças and Mosqueiro islands, identifying sustainability indicators, considering the economic, social, ecological and technological aspects, which results may help to assist to generate subsidies for the formulation of public policies to the fisheries sector. Descriptive and numeric variables considering the different dimensions were used in order to describe the systems of fish production to make comparisons including both the systems and also the islands studied. For comparative statistical analysis only the numerical variables (means and percentages) were used from data collected by researches and from secondary data. Multivariate analysis; Cluster analysis and ordination (MDS) comparing the systems were applied to identify groups and the possible causes of the similarity between the systems for each island. On Combu´s Island it was identified the following fishery systems: matapi, gill net for consumption, block net , longline hook medium and longline hook large. On Onças´s Island it was observed the fishery systems matapi, gill net for consumption, gill net for commercial purpose, block net , longline hook medium and longline hook large. On Mosqueiro´s Island it was identified the fishery systems matapi, gill net commercial, longline hook medium and longline hook large. The analysis of systems in all dimensions showed that the island of Mosqueiro differs to the other islands. When analyzed separately by dimension Matapi system, block net and gill net consumption of the islandes Combu and Onças were very similar. However, systems observed in Mosqueiro´s Island differ from the other islands mainly considering the economic dimension. Based on the results, it can be said that fishing in the islands of Onças and Combu is for subsistence and the main activity is the vegetable extraction while fishing in Mosqueiro´s Island is commercial. Although fishing in the islands of Combu and Onças is only for subsistence, it´s also an important source of food and extra money for the residents. In Mosqueiro´s Island fishing has high economic importance, but the fishing areas are also exploited by fishermen from other parts of the state without any management initiatives by the government.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura populacional, uso de ambientes e crescimento corporal de Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia (DAUDIN, 1801), na Ilha de Algodoal/Maiandeua, Maracanã, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-26) FIGUEIREDO, Manoela Wariss; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
For Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia (Daudin, 1801), until this study, there were no further studies that focused on their ecology in natural environment. In general, the existing works are based on few records at different locations in range of the species and data from animals in captivity, such reports have described the species as a generalist in relation to their feeding and the use of environments. This study aimed to evaluate the use of environments, the population structure and estimate the constant growth of the Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia in Island of Algodoal/Maiandeua, which is an environmental protection area (APA). As methodology were conducted experimental fishing in different environments of the APA of Algodoal/Maiandeua, between the years 2008 and 2009. Of the sampled specimens were captured only environments without the influence of marine waters and abundant food resources, such as the fruits of Annona sp. and Chysobalanus sp.. Environments used by R. p. punctularia (flooded forest, temporary ponds and lagoons of the plain), the highest yields were found in lagoons of the plain, where there is a greater availability of fruits of Annona sp. and Chysobalanus sp in water bodies that the species occupies. The population of R. p. punctularia in Algodoal/Maiandeua is mainly composed of adults and is slightly skewed towards females (0.43 males). The average length of females is 195.42±18 mm (range 43-226 mm) (n=68) while the males is 167±12.7 mm (range 133-197mm) (n=64), the females being statistically larger than males (U=454.02; GL=132, p=0.0001, n=132). In both sexes there was a significantly negative relationship between growth rate and length of the carapace. The model of von Bertallanfy was an estimated value of k=0.19 year-1 for males and k=0.16 year-1 for females, since the values of L∞ were 207.36 mm and 237.89 mm for males and females, respectively. When you reach the CRC 237 mm for females and 207 mm for males, the species reaches the age of about 33 years in both sexes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assembleias de ciclídeos na área focal da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, médio Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-19) PEREIRA, Ludmilla Costa Ferreira; CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5423657235023988
This study aims to know the fish diversity of the family Cichlidae in different habitats (lakes, ressacas and river banks) and habitats (floating macrophytes, branches and beaches) on Sustainable Development Reserve Mamiraua (RDSM), medium Solimoes River, Amazonas. Samples were collected in two periods: 1) Three months sampled in March, July and December 2003 in 21 environments; 2) from September 2003 to August 2004 in five lakes with presence of the floating meadows Eichornia crassipes and Paspalum repens. Were used gillnets, hand nets and seine nets. Were collected 6397 fishes and 350 kilograms, represented in 28 species and 16 genera. Cichlids represented approximately 35% of the total number of fish collected. The composition of the catch was dominated by juvenile forms or small fishes. Mesonauta insignis and Cichlassoma amazonarum dominate in abundance and weight along the study. Species richness was larger in the period I (28 species), while during the period II were recorded 19 species. Nine species were absent in lakes with floating meadows. The study showed that the cichlids moving between environments and habitats of the Reserve in search of better conditions for their survival.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação mensal da densidade das larvas de Anomura macleay, 1838, Axiidea saint laurent, 1979 e Gebiidae saint laurent, 1979 (Crustacea, Decapoda) em um estuário amazônico (Pará, Brasil), com descrição dos primeiros estágios larvais de Upogebia vasquezi ngoc-ho, 1989 obtidos em laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-08) OLIVEIRA, Danielly Brito de; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura populacional e maturidade sexual de Sylviocarcinus pictus (h. Milne-Eduards, 1853) e S. Devillei h. Milne-Eduards, 1853 (Brachyura, Trichodactylidae) das ilhas do estuário amazônico no entorno de Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-08) SILVA, Leiliane Souza da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação nictemeral do microfitoplâncton em um estuário do nordeste paraense, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-18) COSTA, Brenda Oliveira da; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
This study’s object was to get to know micro phytoplankton’s diversity, as its nyctemeral variation related to environmental factors on Curuçá river (Curuçá, PA – Brazil). Twelve phytoplankton samples were collected in 3 collecting spots next to a Littopnaeus vannamei sea shrimp farm in a 24 hour time, during spring tides on the 14th and 15th of august 2004 and on the 24th and 25th of January 2005. It was determined its specific composition and phytoplankton density (org.L-1), analyzed its occurrence rate, diversity and evenness, grouping and main components. Physicochemical parameters did not show any significant variability between the collecting months, though it was observed an important rainfall influence on the salinity, filing the bottom values in jan/05 and the top ones in aug/04. There were 170 registered taxa that belong to the Baccilariophyta (149), Dinophyta (16), Chlorophyta (3) and Cyanobacteria (2) divisions. Bacillariophyta had the higher number of species shown, higher occurrence and density (97.59%). A few showed high abundance rates. During August the phytoplankton community is dominated by Bacteriastrum hyalinum, Bellerochea horologicalis, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Dimerograma dubium, Dytilium brigtwelli, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata and Skeletonema costatum. In January predominated Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Skeletonema costatum. Neritic marine planktonic species, oceanic marine planktonic, neritic-oceanic marine planktonic predominated the samples. Specific diversity oscillated from 0.7591 bits.org-1 to 1.3314 bits. org-1 generally characterized by a low to very low diversity, showing a poorly diversified structure. Phisicochemical parameters and density among species was the main factor to determinate sample grouping in two big groups: the first one with august samples and the second one with January samples. Its component analysis showed that despite its low physicochemical variation amongst the collecting months, the rainfall and salinity variations were really important on the species density, causing an increase on phytoplankton density in January.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordos de pesca: desafios de implementação e consolidação em áreas de várzea do município de Gurupá, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-03) COSTA, Pâmela Melo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
Considering the context in which many decisions Amazon to protect and conserve the environment for the region often arise vertically, with no participation of the users of natural resources, local community in decision-making processes, and end up forgetting the empirical experiences this population is that they did this study. Through the methodological techniques: direct observation, application of semi-structured interviews, analysis of monitoring data sheets, we tried to look at the context of life gurupaense, especially those living on the floodplains of the municipality, and has considered agroextractivists activity fishing source of protein, income and who has been practicing in a shared mechanism of the Fisheries Agreement as a way of managing this activity. The research focuses on the Community Management of Shrimp implementation process and consolidate the participation of experts, NGOs and financing projects, as well as the social, economic and environmental conditions in periods in which there was or not the work of that outside mediation. The study showed that participation of outside mediation stimulated organizational processes and provided the local collective action, which even with the termination of support, self-management and community force is passed on to younger generations, but the study also shows that the challenge best indicators for the environmental levels is required technical support to promote scientific research in the field of Population Dynamics of Fish Stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de peixes nativos da Amazônia como biomarcadores na avaliação da qualidade da água de uma área industrial no rio Pará - PA - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MONTES, Caroline da Silva; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
Indiscriminate dumping of toxic substances impairs and deteriorates the water quality. Fish gills have a large surface area; they remain in close contact with the external environment and are particularly sensitive to changes in water quality, for this reason they are quite relevant for environmental monitoring. This study analyzes the gill structure of the fish species Plagioscion squamossissimus and Lithodoras dorsalis from two different sites located an Amazon estuary. A total of 324 specimens were used, this total 176 were P. squamossissimus and 148 L. dorsalis, removing the second gill arch for histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses. The histological changes were analysed semiquantitatively according to the histopathological evaluation. The sampled sites differ regarding the rate of occurrence of altered animals, only site A showed healthy animals, 84% of L. dorsalis and 77% of P. squamossissimus had normal gill structure, with the lamellae lined by simple squamous epithelial, composed of pillar, mucous and chloride cells. However, all the specimens collected in sites B revealed tissue changes in the gill lamellae such as: aneurysm; epithelial lifting; cell proliferation; lamellar fusion and cell hypertrophy, this result was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. TUNEL analysis indicated that only animals captured on site B showed apoptotic cells. The presence of injury in gill tissues in the animals captured on site B emphasizes the need for more effective pollution control measures with regards to discarding pollutant loads as well as the need for urban planning in this region.