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Dissertações em Geologia e Geoquímica (Mestrado) - PPGG/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2604

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acúmulo e fracionamento de fósforo nos sedimentos do estuário do rio Coreaú (Ceará) para avaliação do impacto da carcinicultura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-17) AQUINO, Rafael Fernando Oliveira; KAWAKAMI, Silvia Keiko; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5306256489815710; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The shrimp culture (shrimp farms) is one of the activities of aquaculture widely employed in Brazilian estuaries and mangroves. The shrimps are fed with phosphate enriched compounds. Thus, the effluent produced by farms can accelerate the eutrophication process. An increase of shrimp farming has been seen in Coreaú River Estuary, state of Ceará, but data about environmental quality are scarce to allow monitoring of the region. The aim of the present research was to assess the contribution of the shrimp farms on phosphorus input to the Coreaú River Estuary. The main forms of phosphorus: bioavailable (P-Exch); bound to iron oxy-hydroxides (P-Fe), on the biogenic, autigênica carbonates and apatite (P-CFAP), on the detrital apatite (P-FAP) and organic phosphorus (P-Org) and as well as total organic carbon (%TOC) and chlorophyll-a were determined in samples of surface sediments and cores from the margins of the Coreaú River Estuary. The high concentrations of P-Total in surface sediments indicated the need for monitoring studies. The larger fraction was P-Fe, composing 30% of P-Total, approximately. These results indicate the ability of the iron oxy-hydroxides to immobilize or release phosphorus. The contribution of the farm’s effluents was evidenced by higher concentrations of P-Org in points adjacent to discharge areas. In sediment cores, the highest P-Total concentrations were found predominantly in fine sediments (silt and clay), with the P-Fe, P-CFAP and P-FAP fractions being the main contributors. The sedimentation rates and concentration increases of P-Total indicate the possible period of deforestation and starting or maximum activity of shrimp farms in the end of the 1980 and mid 1990, respectively. High phosphorus concentrations as well as %TOC and chlorophyll-a levels suggested a significant anthropogenic contribution, associated with a high potential for eutrophication.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adequação de método para avaliação de risco de contaminação ambiental em áreas de estocagem de combustíveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-02-28) CHAVES, Cláudio Cezar Cunha de Vasconcelos; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos geoquímicos de gleissolos em pântanos salinos da região Bragantina, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-08) CAMARGO, Paloma Maria Pinto; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The knowledge about the nature of depositional processes in the tidal flats, where the salt marsh are included, is very important to understand the tropical coastal ecosystem. Evaporitic minerals, like in Sabkhas, are observed in Bragança salt marsh during the dry season. Halite is deposited on the surface of the soil and gypsum and pyrite precipitate in the subsurface via capillary action out of brines brought up from the water table. The pedogenic processes in the salt marsh where dominate by chemical reactions like halomorphism, hydromorphism, sufate reducing. The aim of this study is characterize the soil of Bragança salt marsh using the textural characteristics, mineralogical and geochemical composition of sediments. The sampling was performed in two transects located in both sides of the PA-458. Each transects have 3 profiles that arise 1 meter depth. The samples were collected by a dutch auger for augering shallow depths (20 cm). The granulometry of sediments was obtained with a laser granulometer and the mineralogical composition was performed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The sand grains were observed using a petrographic microscope with digital image capture. The neoformed minerals and silt+clay grains size were described using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the soil were also studied the pH, electric conductivity, salinity, organic matter content, major, minor and trace elements using classical chemical methods, X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. Gleysol present in salt marsh show silty-clayey grain size, massive texture, slightly sticky to sticky, very plastic to slightly plastic and friable to compact. Mineralogical it was composed of quartz, kaolinite, illite, smectite, pyrite, jarosite, polyhalite and halite. The pH values ranged from high acidity to acid and the lowest value was found in the depth of 70-90 cm (pH = 3.85), profile P4. Some profiles shown in the Zone 2, where pH is much acid, yellow to orange mottles which corresponds to pyrite oxidation. Based on composition of the adsorption complex of studied soil profiles, the profiles showed high CEC due to the large amount of organic matter and clay minerals. The dominance of Na+ and Mg2+, followed by Ca2+ and K+ assigning to soil eutrophic character. Only the profile P4, B transect, showed dystrophic character. All profiles shown high sodium concentration, characterizing the salt marsh soil as "Solonchak" and therefore may be classified as Salic Sodic Gleysol. The salt marsh soil contains high values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, which reflect its major minerals. Illite, smectite, polyhalite, halite and pyrite are characteristics of salt marsh environment, where the sedimentation occur under the influence of sea water which contributes to Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The presence of jarosite indicates the oxidation of sulfides. The high amount of Na2O reflect the strong evaporation rates under which the salt marsh environment is submitted, and support the neoformation of halite at different depths along a profile. The results and the field observations suggests that the new mineral phases are essentially the result of high evaporation rate, organic matter content, primary mineral phases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade dos sedimentos de fundo do Rio Murucupi, Barcarena-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-15) REIS, Rafael Melo dos; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The development of industrial and urban centres in Barcarena often causes substantial changes in the bodies of water of surrounding areas, primarily in water quality, as a result of inputs of potentially toxic trace elements, as shown the studies of Pereira et. al. (2007), Víglio (2008), Porto (2009) e Pereira (2009). In addition, major environmental accidents has been recorded, mainly related to the disruption and overflow of accumulation dams of industrial waste. In this context, in 2003 and 2009, the river basin Murucupi, wich incudes the urban centres of Vila dos Cabanos and Laranjal, was contaminated by rejects from the beneficiation process bauxite, known as “red mud”. The objetive of this study was to assess preliminarily the bed sediment quality of Murucupi river and distribution of major elements (Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2 e Na2O) and trace (Zr, V, Cr, Th, Hf, Ga, La, Sc, Pb, Nb, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni e Zn), enriched in red mud, along the river. For this, triplicate cores were collected with 50 cm deep in bed sediments, in seven ponits along the Murucupí river, in the 5,3 km stretch between the access bridge to the Vila dos Cabanos (M-1 point) and the river mouth (M-7 point). Each sediment core collected in the field was subdivided into five depth intervals in the laboratory: 0-10 cm (A interval), 10-20 cm (B interval), 20-30 cm (C interval), 30-40 cm (D interval) e 40-50 cm (E interval). The triplicate samples from each respective depth interval were then thoroughly homogenised, and later, size, mineralogical and chemical analyses were performed in each sample. The results showed that the sediments are primarily composed of quartz, mica group of minerals, priority muscovite, and albite, in addition to clay – kaolinite, smectite and ilite. The superficial concentrations of the major elements P2O5 and S, and of the trace elements V, Cr, Ga, Pb, Hg and Zn, were higher in M-1 point with a strong decrease toward to mouth, indicating contamination by discharges of urban runoff and domestic sewage from the Vila dos Cabanos and Laranjal. In other hand, the superficial concentrations of S, As and Pb, were high in M-7 point, indicating contributions of these elements from the Arrozal stream, possibily arising from the port of Barcarena and surrounding areas, brought to the mouth of the Murucupi river through tidal movements. The concentrations of these trace elements into beb sediments were much smaller than values measured by Braga (2007) in red mud. This fact is associated to methodological differences used na chemical analysis and to thickness of the sample. However, the statistical correlations performed among Al and Cr, V, Ga and Th, and among Mg, K and Hf, La, Sc and Zr, as well as among Mg, K and the "silt + clay" particle size fraction over the depth, demonstrate that exist a "geochemical signature" of the events of contamination by red mud, recorded in A interval of sediment cores collected in the Murucupi river. The results obtained by the distribution of elements with depth showed that, in general, the major elements Al2O3, MgO and K2O are associated with “silt + clay” particle size fraction, and that the variations in the concentrations of the trace elements, mainly reflect environmental conditions more favorable for mobilization or persistence of these elements over the depth. With regard to the sediments quality, the concentrations mensured for each element were compared with sediment quality indices, known as Sediment Quality Guidelines – SQG, developed by Canada and adopted by Brazil through CONAMA resulution nº 344/2004, and with the indices “consensus-based”, developed by Macdonalds et al. (2000), and also, with reference values of background in the region. Some places, the bed sediments of Murucupi river showed concentrations above ISQG and below PEL for the following elements: 1) Cr in M-1 point, A (38,4 mg.Kg-1) and E (43,1 mg.Kg-1) intervals; 2) Ni in M-6 point, E (18,9 mg.Kg-1) interval, and in point B-1, A (18,6 mg.Kg-1), B (18,3 mg.Kg-1), C (18,4 mg.Kg-1) and E (18,3 mg.Kg-1) intervals; 3) As in M-1 point, C (5,9 mg.Kg-1) interval; and 4) Hg in M-1 point, E (0,199 mg.Kg-1) interval, and in M-2 point, E (0,233 mg.Kg-1) interval. These results indicating that, in these sites, adverses effects to benthic organisms may occur due the high concentrations of Cr, Ni, As and Hg in beb sediments, wich entails additional studies of bioavailability in sediments and toxicity in benthic organisms. Highlights that the elements Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Hg and Zn are enriched over the referece value of regional background at all points sampled in Murucupi river, being that the Cr enrichment also presented in relation to the concentration mensured by Nascimento (2007) in bed sediments of Guamá river. and Pb enrichment only at specific points, related to the hydrodynamics of the river. The results obtained for the Ni raised two hypotheses: 1) in the basins of the Murucupi river and of the reference stream, may exist difusal or eventual sources of contamination for the Ni; or 2) the Ni can be naturally enriched in the region, since the statistical correlations among Mg and Ni in the sediment cores of Murucupi river were good or excellent in nearly all depth intervals. In general, the results obtained showed that the contamination in sediments of Murucupi river is much more associated with difusal sources of pollution, probably from urban runoff and discarges of domestic sewage, than with the environmental accidents involving red mud.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização geoquímica de sedimentos de fundo da orla de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-09-14) PEREIRA, Kátia Regina de Brito; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização geoquímica de sedimentos de fundo nas proximidades do distrito de Icoaraci - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-08-30) CARVALHO, Zilma Lima de; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The Guajará Bay is the main water body that receives sewage from Belém's official network, receiving a daily volume of 18,294 m3/day, which is discharged in natura from the Una channel. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the release of this sewage on the quality of the sediments on the edge of Guajará Bay. For the purpose of comparison, two areas were chosen: one more impacted, located between the Una channel and the district of Icoaraci (Area 1) and another, less affected by the release of sewage, located near the island of Cumbu (Area 2). Sediments were collected at 18 points, 12 in Area 1 and 6 in Area 2. Mineralogical compositions were determined by X-ray diffraction and the concentration of metals in the total sample and in the soluble fraction was studied. The following metals: Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe. Concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that the studied sediments are clayey and constituted mainly by kaolinite, illite and smectite. In Area 1, they present an average of 2.6% by weight of organic matter, with average concentrations of carbon and organic nitrogen of 1.51% and 0.08%, respectively. The concentration of total phosphorus shows an average of 216 mg/kg and as the sampled points move away from the Val de Cans channel, it shows a strong decrease (308 mg/kg to 132 mg/kg). The metals in the total fraction showed the following concentrations: Cu (16 mg/kg), Cr (66 mg/kg), Ni (24 mg/kg), Pb (59 mg/kg), Zn (70 mg/kg) , Mn (531 mg/kg) and Fe (37,181 mg/kg). Regarding the remobilizable fraction, the percentages observed were as follows: Cu (50%), Cr (15%), Ni (17%), Pb (51%), Zn (71%), Mn (83%), and Fe (47%). In Area 2, the average concentration of organic carbon was 0.43% by weight and that of organic nitrogen was 0.1% by weight. Organic matter reached a value of 0.74% by weight and organic phosphorus 495 mg/kg. Regarding metals, the average concentration observed was: Cu (13 mg/kg), Cr (36 mg/kg), Ni (35 mg/kg), Pb (55 mg/kg), Zn (33 mg/kg), Mn (214 mg/kg) and Fe (17,029 mg/kg). In the rewoundable fraction, the metals presented the following percentage in relation to the total content: Cu (41%), Cr (12%), Ni (32%), Pb (32%), Zn (73%), Mn (67 %) and Fe (70%). The concentrations of metals found in Area 2 were lower than those observed in Area 1, with the exception of phosphorus. The results confirm the strong anthropogenic influence on the quality of sediments in the Guajará estuary.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidrogeoquímica do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Coaracy Nunes-Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-07-03) BEZERRA, Clauber dos Santos; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
This study characterized chemically the water of the reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant of Coaracy Nunes, located in the Amapá state, about 20 km from the city Ferreira Gomes and 150 km from the city of Macapa. Samples were collected in four quarterly campaigns during the year, in the period October 2008 to September 2009, the study aimed to characterize the spatial and seasonal behavior of chemical parameters, and physicalchemicalsof the water in thereservoir of the hydroelectric power plant of Coaracy Nunes. In the Amapá state, the predominant climate is equatorial, in the months of the campaigns, from December to May was the period with the high estrate of rainfalls, and the months of lowest rainfalls was understood from August to November. In the total 13 point were sampled in each campaign, distributed upstream of the reservoir in order to represent all environments of the reservoir. At each point, samples were collected from water at four depths (surface, double the secchi, middle and bottom). In the collected samples were measured physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, conductivity, ammonium ion, STS, HCO3-, hardness and OD. The chemical elements(Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn) were analyzed by mass spectrometry of a source for inductively coupled argon plasma. (ICP-MS). In preliminary assessments none showed evidence stratification in the reservoir. The concentrations of aluminum,iron and manganese are highlighted within this context, and have high concentrations, once compared with the chemical characteristicsofwatersofthe Amazon region. The reservoir had the following chemical and physical-chemical particulars average values obtained during dry periods in (μg/L) : Al (487,44), Ca (604,12), Fe (458,78), K (798,05), Mg (625,40), Mn (123,42), Na (1903,719), Pb (3,86), pH (6,50), Cond. (μs/cm) (33,20), temperature ºC (27,1), hardness mg/L (6,09), HCO3 -(9,00). The reservoir of Coaracy Nunes presented a tendency to stratification in the deepest collection stations indicated by the points MCN 02, MCN 03 e MCN 04, in other points this trend is less marked, because the other points have less depth. Throughout the longitudinal axis of the reservoir we did not observe any tendency of the reservoiractasaretention systemofsubstancein relationtothat flock toit. Sampling points in greater depth, the reservoir has decreased the concentration of dissolved oxygen with increasing depth,creating anoxic zones in the reservoir bottom, favoring the release of chemical elements as Fe and Al which are incorporated to the particles in suspension, through the anaerobic processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidroquímica do rio Murubira, Mosqueiro-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-10-10) SANTOS, Ivanilce Costa; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidroquímica do sistema aquífero Pirabas em Icoaraci, região metropolitana de Belém - estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-11-26) PARANHOS, Patrícia França; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Belém city in northern from Brazil, is located in Pará river mouth. The geology of the area is characterized by a Miocenic sedimentary sequence represented by Pirabas (mainly carbonate) and Barreiras (clastic) Formations. Hydrogeologic system in Belém region is composed of an upper aquifer developed in the Pos-Barreiras sediments and Barreiras rocks with semi-confined character, low hydraulic head aquifers and a lower aquifer system at the deeper parts related to Pirabas rocks. The public water supply from Belém has two services: 1) uses superficial water from Guamá river and 2) groundwater from water bearing Pirabas Formation. The Pirabas aquifer system in Icoaraci district is heavly exploited for public water supply and support several wells with discharge between 150 to 300 m3/h. Hydrochemical investigations of groundwater have been carried out on objectives of evaluating groundwater quality and the possibility of mixtures of waters between the two hydrogeologic systems (Barreiras - upper and more vulnerable and Pirabas – lower vulnerability, best quality). Ten wells were investigated during one hydrological cycle, with monthly samples. The major water quality parameters like temperature, pH, electric conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, and the major ions were investigated using classical methods. Two main water types (hydrochemical facies) are identified, hydrofacies 1 - Cl—Na dominated with pH ~ 4,0, TDS= 89 mg/L and hydrofacies 2 - HCO3-Ca with pH ~ 7.6 e TDS= 165 mg/L. The mixing of the two water types was confirmed with fingerprint diagrams and composition diagrams. The mixing percentages were calculated with the code AquaChem vs 3.7 (Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc.) and the results suggest a mixture of 10% of Hydrofacies 1 and 90% Hydrofacies 2. The hydrochemical maps had shown a decrease in the concentration of major elements in the Eduardo Angelim well. It suggests that in this place the mixture of the two waters can be better observed and coincidentally the well is near a normal fault (Costa, 2004). Therefore, the mixture of the two waters systems occurs because the faults cause discontinuities in rock sequences and thus control the water flow. The hypothesis of Costa (2004) was confirmed with the hydrochemical data that help the future development of water public supply.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidroquímica dos aquíferos freáticos costeiros na cidade de Salinópolis-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-08) RODRIGUES, Érika do Socorro Ferreira; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The city of Salinópolis is located in northeast Pará, Bragantina region, on Pará State. The geology of the area is characterized by a sedimentary cover Tertiary represented by Pirabas Formation , Barreiras Group and overlying these rocks may occur sandy-clay sediments to clay-sand the quaternary called Pós -Barreiras sediments. The main hydrogeological systems Salinópolis, in general, are: a) upper aquifer system developed in the Pós-Barreiras, unconfined aquifers; b) aquifer system Barreiras, unconfined aquifers and semi-confined; c) aquifer system Pirabas, deeper confined aquifers, which is an outcropping aquifer in the region. For the study were registered 22 wells of which 17 shallow wells with depths up to 30 m (PT), two dug wells (AM) and 3 sources (FT). The collection of samples was performed at intervals of two months for a full hydrological cycle, May 2014 to March 2015. The main quality parameters investigated were water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and main ions : cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (F-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-). Hydrochemical four groups were identified in the Piper diagram: group 1 (SO4-, Cl- and Na+) that resembles the aquifer Barreiras. In the waters of group 3 rich in calcium and bicarbonate is identified with the Pirabas water aquifer (HCO3- and Ca2+) since the water in groups 2 and 4 showed characteristics of group 1 and 3. From Piper diagrams, it was observed that with increasing water recharge the group 2 and 4 water had a water connection behavior, migrating to another group hydrochemical. In Scholler diagram, even identifying the main ions was possible to see that there are mixtures in water of the same hydrochemical group, visualized by the provision in fan. In Diagram Van Wirdum was identified climate and rocks actions on the aquifers hydrochemistry. Range distribution has been observed that with the beginning of the drought wells located in car washes and near gas stations as well as near the beach and estuarine rivers showed an increase of ions dissolved in the water. As well as in natural sources or springs there was a large increase in number of ions, especially the sulfate Climate Influence, rock, ocean waters, estuarine rivers, as well as the contribution of the aquifer Barreiras and Pirabas showed a peculiar hydrochemical composition in the waters of aquifers shallow coastal city in Salinópolis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Esteróis como marcadores geoquímicos da origem da matéria orgânica em sedimentos do rio aurá(região metropolitana de Belém-PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-06) AGUDELO MORALES, Jorge Hernando; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins
The Aurá River located in Northern Brazil, Brazilian Amazon, has been experiencing anthropogenic input from riverine communities and the Aurá landfill for many years. In this work, we assess the occurrence, sources, and distribution of six sterol markers in surface sediments of Aurá River to evaluate organic inputs in this water body. Gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) was used to determine sterol compounds. The sterol markers identified, diagnostic ratios, and statistical analysis showed that Aurá River sediments presented two primary sterol sources: anthropogenic (domestic sewage and inputs from Aurá landfill) and natural sources (terrestrial higher plants). Station 1 (the closest site to the Aurá landfill) presented the highest level of contamination. Coprostanol concentrations at this station was 219.8 ng g-1.This coprostanol range indicates moderate human fecal contamination. This work demonstrated that domestic sewage pollution from riverine communities and organic matter inputs from Aurá landfill might be assumed as potential threats to environmental and human health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da dispersão de metais pesados em áreas de aterro sanitário.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-09-11) RIPARDO, Hebe Simone Sousa; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da qualidade dos sedimentos de fundo do Rio Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-22) PORTO, Liliane Jucá Lemos da Silva; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
In estuarine systems, trace metal sources are both natural and anthropogenic. It is often difficult to distinguish between these two sources due to highly variable concentration in the water column. Many studies have shown the usefulness of sediments in understanding the anthropogenic contribution to trace burdens in estuarine systems. Located within a very important industrial region, near Belém city in the Guajará estuary, the Barcarena River receives discharges of urban and industrial runoff. The objective of this study is to study Barcarena River bed sediments to assess the anthropogenic chemical inputs into the river system. Fifteen sampling locations were chosen along the river channel. Bed river sediments samples were collected, and analyzed for their chemical and mineralogical composition. Data revealed that the clay mineral identified was composed mainly of smectite, kaolinite and Illit. The trace elements and heavy metals analysis showed the following average concentrations and standard deviation: Pb (32.54 mg.Kg-1, σ = ± 5.6), Cr (104.33 mg.Kg-1, σ = ± 7.98), Ni (34.27 mg.Kg-1, σ = ± 4.48), Cu (34.71 mg.Kg-1, σ = ± 4.38), V (116.33 mg. kg-1 , σ = ± 42.37), Nb (19.86 mg.Kg-1, σ = ± 3.83), Zr (122.31 mg.Kg-1 σ = ± 21.33). The highest concentration of the studied elements was found near São Francisco urban center, probably due to the presence of a harbor and unloading of solid waste and sewage in the region. Concentrations of trace elements in the sediment were a function a particle size distribution and organic content. The element concentration of Pb, Cr, Cu and Nb in sediments of Barcarena river when compared with sediments of Guajará Bay (Saraiva, 2007), Guamá river (Nascimento, 2007) and bauxite ore (Braga, 2007) show higher values than the two first but lower values than bauxite. The finger print diagrams with heavy metals versus Al suggest the possibility of physical mixing between the bauxite and sediment of the river Barcarena. The elements Pb and Cu had shown concentrations higher than TEL values (Threshold Effect Level), 35 mg.Kg-1 and 35.7 mg.Kg-1 respectively. Therefore, the bottom sediments probably are causing adverse effects to benthic organisms. The elements Cr and Ni, shown concentration values that exceeded the TEL index (Cr = 37.3 mg.Kg-1 and Ni =18 mg.Kg-1) and PEL index, (Cr = 90 mg.Kg-1 and Ni = 36 mg.Kg-1. A value above the PEL index suggests that toxic effects on aquatic biota are frequent. Currently, the introduced metals are deposited near the source area and are mostly associated with the sediment, implying that the river bed sediment acts mainly as a sink, rather than a pool. The accumulated and enriched toxic trace elements can pose a potential pollution of river water and consequently the aquatic biota.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de uma ocorrência de argila do tipo ball clay na região de Mirasselvas, NE-Pará, para a aplicação na indústria de cerâmica branca
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-11) SOUZA, Jorge Eduardo Oliveira de; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568; 6527800269860568
The characterization of clay deposits is of fundamental importance to establish its best industrial use. This work aimed at the chemical, mineral and technological characterization of a clay from the Mirasselvas region, Capanema district, NE-PA. Analyzes were carried out by fluorescence of X rays, X ray diffraction, in addition to limit test of plasticity and liquidity. Subsequently, 10cmX5cm metallic matrix specimens were prepared, ressed at 100KN, dried in an oven at 110°C and subjected to firing at 900°C and 1200°C. The technological properties were determined by the linear shrinkage tests of burning, water absorption and loss to fire. The results prove that the amount of Fe2O3 is below the maximum limit established for the classification of a ball clay (1%) and has quartz, kaolinite and muscovite as the essential minerals. Even with 75% of its total particle size <0.062 μm, the material has no plasticity. However, it presents white burning color and results of retraction, water absorption and loss to fire within the range of the results of national and international reference clays, demonstrating potential use in the formulation of ceramic masses and even in the direct manufacture of white ceramics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do comportamento de metais pesados nas frações < 2 μm e < 63 μm nos sedimentos de fundo do rio Arienga – Barcarena – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-18) MENEZES, Helenice Quadros de; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The bodies of surface water in large urban centers and industrial have been under increasingly the impact of human action. What cause other environmental problems among the input content of heavy metals that accumulate in bottom sediments, causing serious damage to the aquatic system. In order to study the level of contamination of bottom sediments of the river Arienga important river city Barcarena – PA, and evaluate possible contamination by toxic wastes from the steel industry the industrial hub of the city were analyzed for textural, mineralogical and chemical in nine samples collected along the river and one at the mouth of the creek Bacabal. The results of the sediment grain size showed the predominance of silt over the others (sand and clay). Only the first three points collected by virtue of proximity to the mouth, was the predominant sand fraction. O mineralogical study of samples revealed an essentially quartzose fraction < 63 μm and the presence of kaolinite, smectite and illite in the fraction < 2 μm. The organic matter analysis showed an average of 5.90±1.87 mg.Kg-1. Analyses for determination of trace elements was carried out both in the fraction < 63 μm and in the fraction < 2 μm. It was observed that there was a considerable enrichment of heavy metals in the finer fraction of sediment (< 2 μm): Ni increased from an average of 11.10 ± 1.89 mg.Kg-1 in the fraction < 63 μm for a average of 37.94±1.94 mg.Kg-1 in the fraction < 2 μm; Pb increased its average 14.61±2.37 mg.Kg-1 to 46.02±2.49 mg.Kg-1, the Zn concentration increased from an average of 41.60±6.33 mg.Kg-1 to 107.40±7.78 mg.Kg-1, the Cu concentration increased an average of 12.38±2.28 mg.Kg-1 to 30.37±5.70 mg.Kg-1, for V, Co and Ba increase in the average concentration was respectively of 92.10±9.35 mg.Kg-1, 9.08±1.45 mg.Kg-1 and 344.70±46.76 mg.Kg-1 to respectively 140.80±7.19 mg.Kg-1, 16.82±1.58 mg.Kg-1 and 428.50±36.81 mg.Kg-1. Getting a clear affinity for all metals analyzed with the clay. The determination of the Index of Geoaccumulation (IGeo) showed that the river Arienga, although situated in an area of risk, isn’t contaminated to the metals studied, and therefore the values found were probably due to local geology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) em amostras de água e material particulado em suspensão no rio Aurá, Belém – PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-12) SOUZA, Larissa Costa de; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568; MENDES, Rosivaldo Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6356779173598420
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous organic contaminants generated by natural and anthropogenic processes. They are formed, mainly, during the decomposition of organic matter which is induced by high temperatures. They are persistent compounds that can be transported over long distances. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) considers sixteen of these PAH, because of their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental contamination by PAH in the Aurá river, against the levels established by the legislation, and its possible sources in water samples and in suspended particulate matter (SPM). Ten samples of water and SPM were collected in two distinct seasons (rainy and less Rainy). The extraction techniques used were automated SPE for water samples and microwave assisted extraction for the SPM samples. Samples were analyzed in Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer with Triple quadropole. In water the concentrations of PAH found were below the detection limit of the equipment. PAH total concentrations founded in SPM ranged from 31.71 to 2.498,15 μg L-1 in the Less Rainy season and from 31.71 to 2865.84 μg L-1 in the rainy season. Discrimination of PAH sources and their toxicity potential are required to assess their effects on the environment. The PAH sources tended to be associated with petrogenic source but were classified as mixed, petrogenic and pyrolytic sources, due to the responses obtained with the diagnostic ratios applied. Previous studies carried out on the bottom sediment of the Aurá River, while the landfill was in operation, showed a predominance of PAH from pyrogenic origin while the results obtained in this study after the landfill deactivation showed a higher concentration of petrogenetic sources indicating the influence of the landfill on the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos em Microplásticos de Praias do Litoral Brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-30) BRANCO, Felipe Ohade Lopes; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
When introduced on the environment, plastic materials might have many destinies, and one of them is the fragmentation. The continue degradation and fragmentation of the plastic materials originates the called microplastics (MP), particles with sizes between 5 mm and 1 μm of a great potential of dispersion. When in polluted environments microplastics tend to become adsorption superficies for hydrophobic pollutants more efficiently than natural solid particles, as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). PAH are organic pollutants that might have its origin from natural and anthropic processes. In the same way as microplastics, PAH are highly persistent in the environment, and for presenting mutagenic and potential carcinogenic properties when absorbed by human and aquatic organisms metabolisms they are extremely dangerous. Due to its toxic and harmful properties to environment and human health, sixteen PAH are defined as priorities in environmental studies by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Several studies have evaluated the occurrence of microplastics and PAH individually in environmental matrices, but still are few that investigated the association of these two pollutants. In this way, especially in Brazil, there is a need of expansion of research about this theme. The present study has the aim of investigate the occurrence and concentration of PAH in microplastics in beach sediments from eight Brazilian coastal states, to verify its composition and possible sources of the compounds to MP in the studied areas, to relate the accumulation of MP and PAH considering the land use and social-environment factors of each region, and to evaluate the toxic potential and of contamination of PAH from MP to aquatic organisms. Sediment samples were taken from the high tide mark from potentially polluted locals from the beaches of Ver-o-Rio and Farol (PA), Iracema (CE), Boa Viagem (PE), Porto da Barra (BA), Curva da Jurema (ES), Arpoador and Botafogo (RJ), Praia Grande, Santos and São Vicente (SP), and Praia Grande (RS). On the laboratory using a hypersaline solution and a filtration system, MP were separated from the sediments. PAH were extracted using three types of microplastics, 0,2-0,3 g of fragments and pellets, and 0,02 g of EPS (foam), and were analyzed in Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). It was possible to detect fourteen of the sixteen studied PAH, where the total concentration of PAH (Σ-PAH) varied between 0,25 to 71,60 ng g-1 on the samples and types of MP. On the North and Northeast regions, the low concentration (0,31 to 71,60 ng g-1) of PAH in MP appears to be related to the intense hydrodynamic processes. The concentration of Naphthalene on the foam samples were above the Threshold Effect Level (TEL > 35) on the samples from Pernambuco and Bahia, e near of TEL at Ceará (70,15, 36,97 and 33,28 ng g-1, respectively); so, effects in the organisms might occur due to this compound. The Southeast and South regions are the only that presented previous studies of PAH in MP, so it was possible to make a better comparison and discussion of the obtained data from the present study. The sources of PAH for the environment and consequently for MP were attributed to the anthropogenic contribution (petrogenic and pyrogenic). The highest concentration of PAH was found in the foam samples, suggesting that this type of MP might have a considerable contribution in the dispersion of these contaminants, especially in more polluted locals. Lastly, its concluded that PAH are present on all the Brazilian states studied and its occurrence were evidenced by its adsorption in MP sampled in beach environments. The organic contaminants originate both from petrogenic and pyrogenic processes, and the principal sources of these compounds to the evaluated locals were industrial and port activities, the inadequate disposal of effluents, and the urban runoff by pluvial waters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em sedimentos e organismos bentônicos do Terminal de Miramar (Baía do Guajará - Belém - Pará - Amazônia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01-14) SANTOS, Camila Carneiro dos; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
In Guajará bay, mouth of the Amazon River, is located the capital of Pará state (Belém) and its metropolitan area. Exists in this area an intense boat traffic, as well as transportation and sale of fuels in floating docks and activities related to the storage and transportation of oil in Miramar Petrochemical Terminal (TEMIR). Small spills and discharges of oil in water can serve as sources of pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are organic compounds generated by incomplete combustion of organic matter (OM) and are among the contaminants of most interest in environmental studies due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. One way to detect and evaluate the impact of PAHs in an environment is using biomonitors, however the qualitative and quantitative analysis in sediments are most widely used. This study aimed to evaluate, by Gas hromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), the 16 PAHs considered as priority by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States in sediments and benthic organisms (Namalicastys abiuma) of TEMIR. Field expeditions were carried out in December 2012, March, May and June 2013 representing the dried, wet (two samples) and dried seasons successively. Fine sediments levels dominated in both sampling periods and the %Fines in Guajará bays has a direct relationship to the %OM. In relation to the 16 PAHs studied, 10 of them were detected in the wet season sediments samples and 8 in the dried season. Even with a low diversity of aromatic compounds, sediment samples of the dried season presented greater ΣHPAs (1.351,43 ng g-1) than the sediments of the wet season (263,99 ng g-1), which can be related to the increased hydrodynamic in Guajará bay this last period. Correlation analysis indicated that ΣHPAs not seem to be influenced by %Fine and %OM. Benzo(a)pyrene accounted for 87% of ΣHPAs during the wet season, the other PAHs showed percentage ≤ 3%. During the other period stood out: pyrene (18% of ΣHPAs) fluoranthene (16%), the chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene (15%) and benzo(a)pyrene (11%). The use of the geochemical reason to interpret likely sources of PAHs indicated that there is a predominance of aromatics from pyrolytic origin in TEMIR. The activities that may be responsible for the PAHs levels observed in sediments and benthic organisms in TEMIR are the discharge of untreated domestic sewage and the emissions of particulates from cars and small/medium boats. The ΣHPAs seems to influence the density of polychaetes because a reduction of about 50% in the number of organisms was observed during the dry season when there was the greater amount of ΣHPAs in their body structure. Among the 16 PAHs studied, 11 were detected in the polychaetes during the dry season (ΣHPAsMED = 848,71 ng g-1) and 10 in the wet season (ΣHPAsMED = 141,85 ng g-1). Were highlighted during the dried season: indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene (47%) and pyrene (23%). While in the wet season: pyrene (23%), chrysene (17%), fluorene (17%) and fluoranthene (13%). The %Rec obtained was >>100% indicating a matrix effect and reducing the quantitative accuracy of results. The use of the polychaete N. abiuma as biomonitor of pollution by PAHs in estuaries not seem to be effective when the sample period is limited, because collecting it requires a great effort to obtain a small amount of mass and it still results in a matrix effect in the chromatographic analysis (method %Rec >> 100%) that may not be corrected due to the restricted availability of sample mass. Studies with a larger number of samples, enabling depth statistical analysis, and covering other collection points in Guajará bay are required to prove mathematically that has been stated in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidroquímica dos rios Curuá, Caxiuanã e Baía de Caxiuanã, Melgaço - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-07) RIBEIRO, Maridalva Mendes; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
This research discusses the hydrochemistry of Curuá, Caxiuanã Rivers and Caxiuanã bay waters in order to demonstrate the influence of short-term climatic variables (precipitation and temperature) on the chemical composition of these water bodies. Samples were collected monthly between January 2006 and December 2010, from five sampling points. The following parameters were analyzed: major cations and anions; silicon, iron and aluminum, breathing rate, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, free CO2, methane and suspended material. The results do not showed significant variability of the physic-chemical and chemical constituents (T, pH, electrical conductivity, cations, anions, breathing rate, organic and inorganic carbon dissolved free CO2, methane and suspended material) for Curuá, Caxiuanã River and also in the Caxiuanã bay over the study time. Only the dissolved organic carbon, showed a direct relationship with rainfall. The Piper diagram enables classify the waters of the region Caxiuanã as sodic calc-magnesian-chlorinated. As the studied area is one region without anthropogenic influence, the lack of variations during the study period, suggests an equilibrium system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencialidade adsorvente da zeólita A derivada de rejeito de caulim na remoção de corantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-10-18) ARAÚJO, Leiliane Cristina Cardoso; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
In the States of Pará and Amapá are the largest Brazilian reserves of kaolin. The process of beneficiation of this material generates a significant volume of waste, this is kaolin that is out of the specifications for paper coverage and ends up becoming an environmental liability, since large areas are required to be deposited. This reject consists mainly of the kaolinite clay that presents Si and Al in a ratio of 1: 1, ideal to be used as raw material in the synthesis of zeolites. Zeolite A is a microporous synthetic aluminosilicate, easily synthesized from kaolin waste, making it a low cost and effective material to remove contaminants present in the effluents, such as dyes, besides having a high degree of selectivity and other characteristics that make it an excellent adsorbent. Among the most used processes in the dye removal is the adsorption, because it has several advantages such as: low cost, high removal rates and the possibility of adsorbent recovery. The work methodology was carried out in four stages: 1) Zeolite A synthesis: the Tube Press kaolin was used as starting material from the company located in the Capim-PA River, which was subsequently calcined at 700 ° C for 2h, solution of NaOH (5 mols L-1) and distilled water. They were kept in a reactor for 2 h at 95 ° C under stirring. After the synthesis the material was washed to pH = 7 and dried. Both the starting material and the products were identified and characterized by DRX, MEV, DTA-TGA and granulometric analysis. 2) The adsorption study was performed with AM and VC dye solution at concentrations of 2-26mg L-1. The equilibrium, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were obtained. The tests were done in a batch system and the solutions after adsorption were analyzed in UV-Visible spectrophotometer, using λ = 585nm for AM and λ = 665nm for VC. 3) Zeolite A regeneration was performed with 50 ml of the dye solution in the concentration 10 mg L -1 and 150 mg zeolite A. After 24 h the suspension was centrifuged, the supernatant analyzed and the solid dried and then calcined at 650 °C for 2 h to a five-fold cycle. 4) Desorption study: 50 ml of AM and VC dye solution at 10 mg L-1 and 150 mg zeolite A, after adsorption of 24 h the solid was separated by centrifugation and the water and methanol solvents were subsequently added in five proportions to give the initial volume of 50 ml and kept under stirring for 24 hours and after analysis of the supernatant in UV-Visible spectrophotometer. In the results of the adsorption equilibrium, the percentage of adsorption decreases with increasing concentration, as more dye molecules are incorporated into the adsorbent, reducing the area and the available active sites. The maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium for MA was 5.1 mg g-1 and for the CV of 14.09 mg g-1, in this way the equilibrium adsorption capacity was higher for the CV as compared to the MA. The mathematical model that best fit the experimental data of AM equilibrium was the Sips isotherm that combines characteristics of the Langmuir and Freudlich isotherms, whereas for the VC dye the best model is that of Freudlich suggesting that adsorption occurs in multilayers. The adsorption kinetics of AM and VC were adjusted to the pseudo second order model. The thermodynamics of adsorption of AM at temperatures of 30 °C to 70 °C is a spontaneous process, favored at higher temperatures. The thermal regeneration of zeolite A after 5 cycles of regeneration had a loss in the efficiency of the AM adsorption in 7% and 3% for the CV, indicating the possibility of reuse of the adsorbent. Desorption with the 50% mixture of each solvent showed the best results.