Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento silvicultural e dinâmica de serapilheira em plantios de duas espécies florestais na Amazônia oriental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SOUSA, Vanesa Gomes de; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
The deforestation in the Brazilian Amazonia has already altered about 750 million hectares and of this total, 20% are found with some level of degradation. The reincorporation to the productive process of the areas altered with the reforestation of tropical species of commercial value, it is an alternative to minimize the environmental impacts, with ecological benefits, increase of the wood offer and decrease of the pressure on the remaining natural forests. However, one of the great difficulties for the reforestation is the lack of scientific knowledge on the growth of native and exotic species. This work had as objective evaluates the efficiency of different systems of plantings with native and exotic forest species for recovery of altered land. The work was accomplished in Dom Eliseu city, state of the Pará, in three systems of land use: pure planting (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum and Khaya ivorensis), mix of two forests species (S. parahyba var. amazonicum and K. ivorensis) and agroforestry system (S. amazonicum and Musa sp). To The forty months of age, in planting pure, S. parahyba var. amazonicum showed larger growth in height and dbh in the spacing 4 m x 3 m and K. ivorensis in the spacing 4 m x 4 m. However, the S. parahyba var. amazonicum presented better performance in the system mixed planting and agroforest system. The best performance of K. ivorensis was in the mixed system of species. Among the planting systems studied (mix of species and agroforest system), the litterfall was more in the mix of species with 3.737,5 kg ha-1, and the largest contribution of biomass was of the S. parahyba var. amazonicum. The largest biomass reduction was observed in the agroforest systems. Was evidence correlation negative between litterfall and rainfall to S. parahyba var. amazonicum and positive for K. ivorensis. The obtained results showed that the forest model of consortium of species was shown promising and it can be an alternative for recovery of altered areas, in way to offer different wood options and at the same time, to join positive factors in relation to biomass production and physicchemistry aspects of the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento inicial de teca (tectona grandis) em resposta à fertilização com NPK em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) FERREIRA, Adélia Ribeiro; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
The areas headed for reforestation generally have law fertility, and then they demand a balanced fertilizing to provide levels of compatible nutrients according to each specie. Therefore it is necessary the property value of reference more accurate to the fertilization recommendation of forest species. The studies published about teak fertilization under field conditional are so scare, this paper aims to evaluate the influence fertilization with N, P and K of climatic factors in the growth of the teak, in different soil conditions of Para state. The fertilization test constitutes of a factory experiment with dose of N and K applied on teak at the Vigia and Santa Maria das Barreiras cities, in experimental design in randomized blocks with three repetitions, in factorial arrangement 4 x 2 m, it is four doses of nitrogen and two of potassium, totaling eight treatments and 24 experimental plots. And other factorial experiment with doses of P and N applied in teak at the Vigia and Santa Maria de Barreiras cities, with design in randomized blocks and three repetitions in factorial arrangements 4 x 2 m, it is four doses of phosphor and two doses of nitrogen, totaling eight treatments and 24 experimental plots. The growth in H and DAP of teak submitted to doses of N and K at Vigia and Santa Maria das Barreitas cities, to 30 months of age, It was not significantly influenced by N x K factor, it is not happened the growth on these two variable owing to elevation of N x K doses applied in soil. At the soil conditions studied at Vigia city, the maximum growth in H was achieved with doses of 80 g of N and 138,5 g of P plant- 1, and the maximum growth in DAP was achieved with doses of 80g of N and 206 g of P plant-1, while the soil conditions studied at Santa Maria das Barreiras city, the maximum growth in H was achieved with doses of 40 g of N and 140,62 g of P plant-1, and the maximum growth in DAP was achieved with doses of 40 g of N and 161,25 g of P plant-1. The IPDAP showed a relationship between the precipitation seasonality with the high values of IPDAP happened on the rainy period and lower values happened on the less rainy period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identificação de áreas preferenciais para uso de espécies florestais potenciais em sistemas agroflorestais no Arco Verde Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) ANDRADE, Daniele Bonente Melo de; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
Deforestation is an evident process at Amazonia from the predatory human activity of natural resources. Logging and agriculture are the main activities that have promoted destruction of forest at Arc of Desforestation. Therefore reforestation has been the focus of public policies that the Government has developed through the “Programa Arco Verde”. In Pará this program is being implemented in 16 municipalities that they constitute the critical areas of deforestation due to human pressures. In this context agroforestry has been an alternative for reforestation these areas. This work aimed identification preferred areas for plantation of 15 tree species with potential use in agroforestry systems. From the intersection of spatial data type of climate and water deficit, we identified 24 bioclimate areas at “Arco Verde” of Para state. The results for plantation of forest species in preferred areas are: J. copaia, T. serratifolia e B. excelsa are potential to be planted 100% do Arco Verde Paraense; C. pentandra, H. courbaril, S. morototoni e T. vulgaris are indicated to be planted in 98% of the target area; C. odorata, C. goeldiana, D. odorata, S. macrophylla are indicated to be insertion in 75% of the “Arco Verde paraense”; C. guianensis, S. parahyba var. amazonicum, B. guianensis e V. maxima in 60% of the area of work. In conclusion, it is necessary further studies in forest species that are suitable for wider preferred areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recomposição de reserva legal na região do tapajós: identificação de espécies e sistemas silviculturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) VIEIRA, Luiza de Sousa; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
This research had the goal to identify the potential species and arrangements and / or silvicultural systems, that associated to the spontaneous vegetation, ensure viable characteristics to the recomposition of Legal Reserve in the region of Tapajós. It was implanted three silvicultural systems: 1) Plantation of trees in plats of 36 plants per specie, in random blocks, 32 species that are the treatment, five repetitions, spacing 1,5 x 1,5. 2) Plantation in One Tree Plot - OTP, in random blocks, 29 species as treatment, 12 repetitions, spacing 3 x 3. 3) Plantation in agroforestry system, which was used the Taungya System, spacing 7 x 7. It was performed the characterization of the floristic composition, diversity and similarity of the spontaneous vegetation; measured the survival and growth of the Forest species; and productivity of the spontaneous vegetation and the planted forest species. In all the studies area, it was identified 1597 subjects belonging to 137 species, 98 gender e 40 families. The found Shannon - Weaver Index was 3,75 to plat, 3,72 to agroforestry e 3,56 to OTP. The similarity by the Sorensen Index found was: 65,52% between Plat and OTP, 63,58% between Plat and Agroforestry and 50,31% between OTP and Agroforestry. Considering the survival rate and the average growth in DAP e total height, the descending order of importance of the studied silvicultural systems was as follows: OTP 76 > OTP 75 > Plat 76 > Plat 75. For exploration of the Legal reserve area, considering the productivity of the subjects with DAP > 0,45m, the descending order of importance of the silviculturals systems is as follows: OTP > Plat > Agroforestry. As there were no statistically significant differences between the Shannon - Weaver Indexes found for the spontaneous vegetation of the three analyzed silvicultural systems, and considering the productivity of individuals with DAP > 0.45 m, the OTP system would be more indicated for the recovery of Legal Reserve specifically from the forest point of view and agroforestry system, although with less forest productivity could be indicated for the small producers because it is associated with agricultural crops..The study results show that around 40 years after the plantation of the Forest species in the referred agroforestry systems its possible obtain high diversity in floristic composition under these plantations, restoring the ecological and productive function of the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recuperação de áreas de reserva legal: influência da densidade nos indicadores ambientais do plantio de Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) NARDUCCI, Tainah Silva; BRIENZA JÚNIOR, Silvio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1750852376922258
The legal reserve is an area located within farm, provided the Brazilian Forest Code, which must be protected and present covered by natural vegetation, necessary for the conservation, protection of fauna and flora and rehabilitation of ecological processes, and serve as for ecological corridors for the gene flow species. Many properties have these deforested areas, altered and in advanced stages of degradation, making it important to study the behavior of plantations of fast-growing species in order to accelerate the restoration of natural vegetation and propose more effective techniques to recover these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of homogeneous density planting Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel, at seven and a half years old, as a catalyst effect of the regeneration process. The experiment is located in Genesis Farm, Dom Eliseu, Pará. Avaluated the growth and investigate that precipitation interferes with the diametric growth of the trees, it was installed in blocks, random plots with four replicates per treatment. To characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of natural regeneration under plantation were installed in each treatment (spacing), plots with eight repetitions for three classes of evaluation of regeneration. And to characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of the soil seed bank were installed randomly eight points of the soil collect with four replications for each treatment, were collect four composite samples from eight and taken to the greenhouse at Embrapa - CPATU which were placed in plastic trays and watered daily, this experiment was a period of four months and every thirty days the germinated seedlings were counted and identified by a botanical. The trees were higher in the 4m x 2m spacing, larger diameter in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater survival in 4m x 4m spacing. Natural regeneration showed a greater similarity in floristic composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 3m, the values of Shannon diversity index were high and did not differ statistically between the spacings. The seed bank showed greater richness of seedlings in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater similarity in composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 4m. The species diversity at level 5% of significance did not differ between the spacings. The results demonstrated that the areas have been recovered and that some techniques may be applied seeking to reduce costs and through appropriate management will can accelerate the ecological processes of natural regeneration.

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