Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com transportes hidroviários e os extremos meteorológicos no nordeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) SANTOS, Suanne Honorina Martins dos; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
This study analyzed the accidents with waterway transport passengers and cargo in the period 2008 to 2013, as a result of extreme weather occurring in the northeast Amazon, often with serious consequences the structure of vessels and especially the loss of human life. Based on data from the Flagship of the Eastern Amazon Ports, referring to the investigation of accidents facts of navigation, can be characterized in that period these accidents occur more and the distribution of these accidents in time and space, through sub-areas called 1, 2 and 3, where they are ranked the most common accidents in Subarea 1 type shipwreck where the basin of Marajó is located with features of larger rivers, in Subarea 2 and 3 of collision type where the morphological characteristics of rivers are narrower as well, in addition to these results was obtained in relation to rainfall in the rainy season (December to May) as the most responsible for accidents occurring during this period that suffers strong influence of precipitation systems as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Mesoscale Convective Systems, instability lines and vortex of Advanced Levels and the less rainy season (June to December) the wind is regarded as the main variable that causes accidents in the waterway mode, especially during the intensification of the northeast trade winds, which are a free atmosphere of instability, accidents tend to occur more frequently in the time from 12 to 24 hours. Thus, with the precipitation climatology with the National Institute of Meteorology data, one can show through the climatology of the precipitation field of study, decreased quantity of deeper into sub-areas of the continent. The wind in the less rainy period acts with greater intensity in Subarea 1, the highest number of victims focuses on children and adults, mostly with men. It also presented an approach based on the socioeconomic aspects inherent risks of naval vessels with steel hulls and wood, the latter being the reality of the Amazon, which ultimately victims the more people and have more easily collapse structure, thus being potential threat to safety of navigation of cargo and passengers taking into account socioeconomic characteristics, although the vessels with the highest number of accidents has been pushers ferries built in naval steel. In this sense, the primary aid weather forecasting may decrease the favorable conditions for the occurrence of accidents with waterways vessels, because the lack of atmospheric conditions by those who pilot vessels is notoriously poor, because this lack of knowledge the chances of accidents are high, influencing the socioeconomic aspects of passengers and owners of vessels navigating the rivers belonging to the Marajó Bay, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas river, which were the waterways studied in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alagamento e inundação urbana: modelo experimental de avaliação de risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-18) SANTOS, Flávio Augusto Altieri dos; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This study aimed to develop an experimental model for assessing risk of flooding and flood to Bethlehem, based on the model of digital terrain elevation, the runoff hydrograph and the peak flow of the main drainage channel of the river basin. We used GIS tools to systematize the vector data on the units occupied by buildings, roads and the axis of altimetric quotas to generate a digital terrain model. The development of the system was customized by programming language, aiming to facilitate and simplify the operation of the processing routines of the equations defined for the implementation of the hydrological model. The hydrologic model basin was subdivided into cells of 25m², and each one was given his share of high and calculated their runoff based on the percentage of impermebialização of each. The peak discharge channel was obtained on field trips at two different situations: during rainfall events of high intensity and one without the influence of rain. For these two conditions, it was also evaluated the influence of the tide of the Guamá River on the main channel of the basin. The consistency of the model was found from the sensitivity test performed for each variable used and validated based on data from some rainfall events that was checked by journalistic and photographic records obtained in the field. The results indicate that the applied hydrologic model, and the developed system are efficient and effective to be applied as a tool for risk assessment of flooding and flood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da incidência de casos de dengue na área urbana de Belém – PA: uma aplicação de modelos espaciais e temporais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-30) SIQUEIRA, Ionara Santos; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
In this work, we conducted a study of mapping of risk areas and predictions for the cases of dengue in the urban area of Belém. For predictions was related to the incidence of dengue, the precipitation using statistical models based on the methodology of Box and Jenkins time series. The period of the study ran from 05 years (2007-2011). Were used multivariate time series methods, using transfer function and spatial models, in which we analyzed the existence of spatial autocorrelation in the variable under study. The results of the analyses of the occurrence data of dengue cases and precipitation showed that the increase in the number of cases of dengue fever accompanies the increase in precipitation, showing the direct relationship between the number of cases of dengue and the precipitation in the years under study. The forecasting model built for the incidence of dengue cases presents a good fit with satisfactory results and, in this case, can be used in cases of dengue. In relation to the spatial analysis for the incidence of dengue, was a preview of the possible incidence of cases in the urban area of Belém, with the respective areas of risk, showing the significance of risk levels in percentage. For the period studied was observed the behavior and the variations of the dengue cases in the study area, with emphasis on four neighborhoods: Marco, Guamá, Pedreira and Tapanã, showing possible influences of these neighborhoods in the areas (neighborhoods) nearby. Therefore, the present study highlights the contribution to the planning of the dengue control actions, to serve as an instrument in support of decisions in the area of public health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Guamá e suas interfaces climáticas e socioambientais em São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) MARINHO, Eduardo Ribeiro; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da resiliência socioecológica em um projeto de assentamento convencional do sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) CARVALHO, Alderuth da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
Southeastern Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, is known as the agricultural frontier and scenario of numerous land conflicts. In the same region, under the agrarian reform policy, the federal government implemented some 500 Settlement Projects (SP). Among them, stands out the Conventional Settlement Project "26 de Março", in the municipality of Marabá-Pará. This SP, result of the process of occupying almost 10 years of encampment in Farm Cabaceiras, was formally created in 2009. Its organicity is managed by the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and is the pioneer settlement with environmental license. Taking as reference the social and environmental relations that influence each other, we characterize rural settlements as socioecological systems, which, inserted in the debates about sustainability in the Amazon, allow us to apply the theory of resilience. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioecological resilience of the conventional settlement PA "26 de Março". To help us in this analysis, we chose to use the methodology of resilience indicators, composed of two dimensions, four components and 14 indicators that received scores of 1 to 5 (one to five). These indicators made up the questionnaire that guided the interviews applied between September and October of 2017 to a sample of 20% of the owners of lots occupied in PA "26 de Março", Marabá. Responses were interpreted to identify which punctuation they indicated. The scores provided us with subsidies to find out which components represented fragility or potentiality for socioecological resilience of the housing nuclei (Núcleo de Moradia) of the settlement, besides enabling us to make a categorization test of the socioecological resilience level of the settlement as a whole. The results showed that, at the "Núcleo de Moradia" level, the "knowledge, learning and innovation" component represents a negative trend towards resilience for all "núcleos de moradia", as well as for the settlement as a whole. On the other hand, we perceive as potential of strengthening of the resilience the component "Organicity and infrastructure". According to the resilience categorization, the PA is considered with level of socioecological resilience "Reasonable". This result indicates a threshold between the fragility and the potential for strengthening socio-ecological resilience. In this way, we consider immediate training / qualification actions for the settlers, as well as the promotion and / or strengthening of social technologies aimed at respecting biodiversity and peasant family farming. We conclude that socioecological resilience thinking is pertinent and allows us rich debates on the way of understanding socioecological systems, such as rural settlements in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade e do potencial de implantação de uma reserva da biosfera no Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-13) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The sustainable development agenda has emerged as a new paradigm associated to the relationship between economic growth and the use of natural resources. Inasmuch, its assumptions should guarantee for future generations the balance between the processes of nature and society. The Man and Biosphere Program, launched in 1971, has been considered as one of the most important biological conservation programs of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The strategy of creating Biosphere Reserves (RB) has moved the scope from global policy to local implementation projects. These units have since 2008 taken on the task of consolidating pristine areas in the construction of sustainability, combining natural landscapes with sustainable use through the participation of local populations. In this context, this interdisciplinary research analyzed the environmental and economic conditions of the municipalities of Marajó, Pará, applying the tool Barometer of Sustainability (BS). In addition, such results were used in the analysis of the challenges for the implementation of a Biosphere Reserve in the Marajó. Of the municipalities that make up the Marajó territory, 13 were pointed as potentially unsustainable, and the remaining three fell within the intermediary range of sustainability. According to the Barometer of Sustainability scale, all municipalities demonstrated critical socio-environmental conditions, creating an additional challenge for the implementation of the Biosphere Reserve due to such development background.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação e focos de calor em vegetação na ilha Hispaniola.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-07) PRÉVOIR, Ermano; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Insular or island countries located in Central America and the Caribbean are vulnerable to variability and climate change. This work presents a contribution to climatological studies, particularly of the Hispaniola Antilles of the Caribbean Sea, formed by the countries of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, covering an area of 78 thousand km². Based on the analysis of precipitation from the CHIRPS base with high spatial resolution, a bimodal climate pattern was found in Haiti and the Dominican Republic with the first rainfall peak occurring in May and the second in September/October. The dry regime occurs from January to March. The spatial patterns of the climatological maps and the correlation analysis indicated that the seasonal precipitation regimes of the Antilles are directly influenced by the configuration of the SST and the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea over the Atlantic Ocean, with the main maximum of the second semester being explained by the presence warmer TSM (above 29C) and by the cloudiness band associated with ITCZ during its most boreal position. The quantitative assessment of the correlations (simultaneous and lagged) between rainfall data and vegetation indexes and vegetation fires, as well as the integrated analysis of the mapping of these variables over the Hispaniola territory, allowed to establish consistent relationships in the dynamics of climate, vegetation and fires. Dominican Republic has much higher numbers of fires when compared to those in Haiti, with the highest frequency of events taking place from January to April, when the dry regime over the Antilles prevails. Conversely, during peak rainfall in the second half of the year, fires are minimal and are concentrated in the months from August to December. As for the vegetation indices, there is a certain direct relationship with the climatic regime, so that the higher NDVI are observed into regions containing maximum precipitation and vice versa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água na baía do Guajará em Belém-PA e os efeitos do regime pluviométrico e de marés
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) ARAÚJO, Vívian Evelyne Silva; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Belém is located in the estuarine region, conformed by the Guajarino Estuary, which integrates the Marajoara Gulf, whose fluvial environment is formed at the confluence of the rivers Pará, Tocantins, Acará and Guamá (IPEA, 2016). The water level of the Guajarino Estuary presents fluctuations associated with the seasonal effect (seasonal variations of the rain in the hydrological basins) and the tide (variations of the tide level). The elaboration of this study is due to the fact that the seasonal variations seem to be associated to the environmental changes, that occur in the ecosystem, such as the effect of hydrological seasonality - tides and rainfall. The present study will analyze the physico-chemical components of the Guajará Bay water, relating them to the tides and the hydrological dynamics of the Guamá and Pará rivers, also in this research will be made the analysis of the role of precipitation in the alteration of the water bay physicochemical components. Initially, a descriptive statistic was made, verifying the values of the averages, of the maximum and minimum, facilitating to observe which are in agreement with the current resolution of CONAMA 357/2005. It was also applied the statistical method of Pearson correlation to evaluate the degree of relationship between variables, the correlation was first studied between physico-chemical parameters, thus, it was observed that the parameters that have a strong positive correlation were the electrical conductivity, TDS and salinitiy. The other parameters did not presented significative correlation, demonstrating that they were independent of each other. When applying the correlation between the physical-chemical parameters and the rainfall, no positive or negative correlation was found between these variables, meaning that the role of the rainfall city of Belém, was not mostly important in the variation of the physico-chemical components of the bay and this was also the case for the relationship between the parameters and the tide heights. The behavior graphs of the physical-chemical parameters, in relation to rainfall, showed that among the nine parameters analyzed, six parameters were altered, such as: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity, OD and Turbidity. These parameters have changed due to precipitation. The results of the parameters regardind the tides were observed among the nine parameters studied, decreasing the temperature, and increasing the values of electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity and turbidity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável em Moçambique: uma aplicação do barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-25) MAXLHAIEIE, Martinho Julião; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
In recent years it has develop methods for assessing the progress towards the sustainable development (SD) at the national, regional, or local scale through Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI). The importance of the use of this tool for the implementation of public policies, based on the SD, was held at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Although they are very important in the evaluation process, these tools are currently little known and its use has not been well done. In Mozambique, the application of tools for sustainability analysis in its several dimensions was not performed properly due to lack of data on indicators, methodologies and especially the absence of a solid institutional structure to monitor effectively the implementation of the Environmental Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Mozambique. In this context, this research aims to analyze the level of sustainable development of Mozambique, in the period of 2001 and 2014, by applying the Barometer of Sustainability (BS). The BS is a two-dimensional analysis method that encloud two subsystems: the human and the environment. From them are calculated synthetic indexes called "environmental well-being index and "human welfare index”. The research is bibliographical and documental and 40 indicators were selected and defined performance ranges for each indicator. The result shows that Mozambique is on a performance or Potentially Unsustainable condition in 2014 compared to the Unsustainable condition in 2001.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores sustentáveis urbano em uma mesorregião amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-29) SILVA, Elisane Gabriel do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Global concerns about environmental degradation have emerged since the 1970s, reflected in conferences, meetings, reports, among others, carried out by the United Nations (UN), which international agreements arise in favor of preserving the world's biodiversity. Perceptions on Sustainable Urban Development encompass the conceptualizations of evolution, social awareness and environmental conservation. In order to measure global Sustainable Development, the Agenda 30 published by the UN comes into force, with 169 goals, broken down into 254 indicators, whichthey do not assess municipal sustainability. The objective of this study is to propose a system of indicators that allows the analysis of urban sustainability in the face of the social, political institutional and environmental dimensions of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém. The Urban Sustainable Indicators Matrix (MASU) was designed using that data collection carried out through internet sites, at no cost to the researcher. To validate this proposal, two methodologies were applied: the Likert Scalar method (adapted), and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, that analyzes results are divided into two chapters. The results obtained by the Likert Scale method (adapted) point to sustainability by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Environmental and Political-Institutional Dimensions, consecutively, highlighting the municipalities of Belém and Santa Bárbara do Pará as sustainable, and the municipalities of Marituba, Inhangapi and Castanhal as unsustainable. The sustainability achieved by the municipalities infers cities with Sustainable Development, although this sustainability is associated by the relative analysis of the data sample. While the application of the PCA method showed sustainability in by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Political-Institutional Dimension, highlighting the municipalities with Sustainable Development being Barcarena, Santa Barbara do Pará, Inhangapi and Santa Isabel do Pará as sustainable, due to the criteria of signs and similarities, measured through the data of the Principal Components (CPs). That way, MASU highlighted realistic results, showing (un)favorable indicators for local sustainability, providing subsidies to public management to solve specific problems and develop effective public policies to meet the needs of the population and achieve Sustainable Urban Development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores sustentáveis urbano em uma mesorregião amazônica, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-29) SILVA, Elisane Gabriel do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Global concerns about environmental degradation have emerged since the 1970s, reflected in conferences, meetings, reports, among others, carried out by the United Nations (UN), which international agreements arise in favor of preserving the world's biodiversity. Perceptions on Sustainable Urban Development encompass the conceptualizations of evolution, social awareness and environmental conservation. In order to measure global Sustainable Development, the Agenda 30 published by the UN comes into force, with 169 goals, broken down into 254 indicators, which they do not assess municipal sustainability. The objective of this study is to propose a system of indicators that allows the analysis of urban sustainability in the face of the social, political-institutional and environmental dimensions of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém. The Urban Sustainable Indicators Matrix (MASU) was designed using that data collection carried out through internet sites, at no cost to the researcher. To validate this proposal, two methodologies were applied: the Likert Scalar method (adapted), and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, that analyzes results are divided into two chapters. The results obtained by the Likert Scale method (adapted) point to sustainability by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Environmental and Political-Institutional Dimensions, consecutively, highlighting the municipalities of Belém and Santa Bárbara do Pará as sustainable, and the municipalities of Marituba, Inhangapi and Castanhal as unsustainable. The sustainability achieved by the municipalities infers cities with Sustainable Development, although this sustainability is associated by the relative analysis of the data sample. While the application of the PCA method showed sustainability in by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Political-Institutional Dimension, highlighting the municipalities with Sustainable Development being Barcarena, Santa Barbara do Pará, Inhangapi and Santa Isabel do Pará as sustainable, due to the criteria of signs and similarities, measured through the data of the Principal Components (CPs). That way, MASU highlighted realistic results, showing (un)favorable indicators for local sustainability, providing subsidies to public management to solve specific problems and develop effective public policies to meet the needs of the population and achieve Sustainable Urban Development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do desflorestamento nos municípios do estado do Pará entre os anos de 2000 a 2009 e a importância das áreas protegidas na contenção do desflorestamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-26) MONTEIRO, Elivelton Ferreira; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
This work aims to demonstrate the process of deforestation in the municipalities of Pará state and the importance of protected areas and indigenous territories in curbing the same. The study area constitutes the state of Para, which has an area of 1,247,690 km², and its 143 municipalities. Data were collected at INPE Monitoring Project in the Brazilian Amazon Forest by Satellite - PRODES. The processing and analysis of vector data was performed using ArcView 3.3 software. Deforestation accumulated by the year 2009, the state of Pará is about 19.6%. Since the remaining forest cover is about 65%. Deforestation in Pará presents itself differently among the twelve regions of integration, deforestation is concentrated mainly in northeastern and southeastern regions of the state, and also along major highways. The proportion of deforestation is varied between the municipalities of Pará Of the 143 municipalities, 31 are between 0 and 15.5% of their lands deforested, represents 21.7% of the total, 16 municipalities (11, 2%) are entre15, 5% and 35.5%, 32 municipalities (22.4%) are between 35.5% and 55.5%, 24 municipalities (11.9%) are between 55.5 and 75, 5% and 40 municipalities are between 75.5% and 95.5% of deforestation their territories, representing 28%. Of the 143 municipalities, 24 are between 0 and 15.5% of their lands deforested, represents 16.8% of the total, 22 municipalities (15.4%) are entre15, 5% and 35.5%, 27 municipalities (18.9%) are between 35.5% and 55.5%, 27 municipalities (18.9%) are between 55.5 and 75.5%, and 43 counties are between 75.5% and 95.5 % of deforested their territories, which represents 30.1%. In the state of Pará today there are 117 protected areas, being a Military Area, occupying 1.7%, 71 Conservation Units (14 Full Protection and Sustainable Use of 57) and 45 indigenous lands, occupying 29.03% and 22 9%, respectively, totaling 53.6% of the total state. The proportion of protected areas varies greatly among municipalities in the state of Pará Of the 143 cities, 16 shows from 55.5% to 93.6% of their territory within protected areas, representing 11.2% of the total, 12 municipalities (8.4%) had between 35.5% to 55.5%, 23 municipalities (16.1%) had between 15.5% - 35.5%, 15 municipalities (10.5%) are between 5, 5% - 16.5%, and the vast majority, 77 municipalities are between 0 and 5.5% of their territory within protected areas, representing 53.8%. There was a significant and negative correlation between the proportion of deforestation and the proportion of protected areas in Pará (r =-0.66). The municipalities that have the highest percentage of protected areas are therefore those with the lowest proportion of deforested their territories. The analysis of deforestation in the inner and outer municipalities of Pará showed the large proportion of vegetation within these areas compared to its exterior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto das mudanças climáticas nas unidades de conservação dos manguezais amazônicos na Costa Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SOUSA, Marina Costa de; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The Amazonian mangroves are subject to various climate impacts, demanding conservation and adaptation actions. The objectives of this study are to assess the vulnerability of the Amazonian mangrove Protected Areas (PAs) to climate change, provide climate prediction data for the region, and analyze if the PAs are effectively fulfilling their role in protecting these ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, data from MapBiomas were used to delimit the mangrove area, data from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) were used to identify the PAs within the mangroves, data from WorldClim were used to obtain information on mean annual temperature (BIO1) and accumulated precipitation (BIO12), and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) data were used. The processing was carried out using ArcGIS, QGIS, and RStudio software. The results revealed a trend of increasing temperature over time, while accumulated precipitation showed a decreasing trend across different scenarios and periods. These patterns indicate that protected mangroves may face a continuous increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation by the end of the century. The higher temperature contributes to increased energy availability, playing a fundamental role in regulating evapotranspiration in mangrove forests. On the other hand, reduced precipitation has a negative impact on salinity, productivity, growth, and species diversity in mangroves. The study also assessed the PAs that protect mangrove forests in the Amazon region, along with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) representing the amount of carbon stored in trees. The results showed that 80.2% of the mangroves are included within PAs, with higher protection in the state of Maranhão, followed by Amapá and Pará. However, there was variation in AGB among the evaluated states, with an increase in Amapá and Pará and a decrease in Maranhão. It is crucial to implement more effective management and conservation measures to address the challenges posed by climate change in these coastal ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do regime hidrológico e da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-25) AGUIAR, Rogério de Souza; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The Amazon lives year after year the dynamics of Floods and lowing in its rivers. However, significant variability of river discharges in the face of historical series of climate data has become more persistent over the years. This study aims to analyze the influence of the temporal variability in the basin scale on the Amazon river regime, based on the flows observed in the hydrological station of the Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA, located in Óbidos, State of Pará, in a historical series of January / 1970 to December / 2013. Besides the time, the study analyzed the intensity of oceanic mechanisms on the Brazilian Amazon basin in each year of the series. As expected, time influenced the annual interannual flow rate of 98.723 m3/s for the 44 years of the analyzed series. However, the average flow rate of the Amazon River was around 134.000 m3/s, with a peak flow rate of 105.000 m3/s (as occurred in November) in the hydrological regime of effluent up to an order of 239.000 m3/s (as in June) in the flood regime. It was also identified that El Niño and La Niña phenomena modulated extreme climatic events causing negative and positive SST anomalies differentiated over the Amazon basin, between 1970 and 2013, with a significant relation in the effluent and flood flows. The interannual analysis showed that the years of low registered flows, had the characteristic of persistence of occurrence in relation to the registered high flows. At the end of the analyzed period, from 1989, there was a seasonal increase in relation to the average amplitude of the flow of 87.727 m3/s due to the strong minimum levels recorded. When analyzing the normalized flow, it was observed the persistence of low flow in the current year of the El Niño phenomenon and also of the following year. After verifying this below-average persistence of flow in the series studied, the research sought to investigate the storage and availability factors of the Amazon River. In determining the water availability of the Amazon River, the Percentis method (specifically the quantum order Q95%) was used. The analyzes of the available flows obtained by the 95% quantile show that the years of the El Niño phenomenon did not reflect the decrease in the flow of the Amazon River in all years of the series, since there were years of occurrence that did not present critical indices of water availability. It was concluded that the flow behavior in the Amazon basin was influenced by positive and negative SST anomalies modulated by the intensity of El Niño and La Niña, and there was not sufficient water availability for the maintenance of the ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Thus the study showed that naturally the annual flows of the Amazon River do not reach, in their totality, the minimum value determined for the historical series by the law. In addition to that the hydrological variabilities in the Amazon are not caused only by the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos efeitos térmicos de superfície na cidade de Belém-Pará-Brasil utilizando imagens de satélite
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-12) CORRÊA, Leda Vilhena; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
Using observational data of precipitation and air temperature from1967 to 2008, which drafted the climatology of these variables and analyzed the weather influenced by ENOS, were made an identification, characterization and analysis of spatial thermal effects in Belem (PA), from surface meteorological data and MODIS sensor images (which is prepared on a platform of the Aqua satellite). The average annual precipitation was 2978.6 mm/year, and presented an upward trend over the years, similar behavior has proved to the air temperature. In General, the results show two centers of greater intensity of surface temperatures: a center in Belem and another center in nearby town, Ananindeua. These centers vary spatially and temporally in intensity. During La Niña events, the center of heat island is located in the neighborhoods closest to Guajara Bay, while in the El Niño events, these neighborhoods have milder temperatures than the neighborhoods farther from water sources. The thermal amplitude of surface temperature between urban and rural areas varies greatly, with largest variation of 30,8°C and the lowest of 16,8°C. Thus, the highest surface temperatures were observed in neighborhoods with low NDVI, which is a consequence of a denser urbanization. Urban areas and most vegetated surfaces show cause/effect relationships very close, especially during the dry season, this can be realized by correlation that has value greater than 50%. This study presents results that assist in better understanding of behavior and spatial and temporal thermal effects in Belem, because the use of satellite images is important for the identification and characterization of climatic environmental conditions and urban heat islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos das diferentes formas de ocupação da superfície sobre as condições meteorológicas na região de Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-26) SILVA, Benedito Evandro Barros da; GANDU, Adilson Wagner; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8491359374260645
This dissertation aimed to get information concerning the use and occupation of soil in the region of Santarém, in different years in the last decades, to show the effects caused by changes of surface properties on the atmospheric conditions simulated by weather and climate numerical models. The land surfaces are characterized by causing substantial effects on the atmosphere and thus influencing the quality of weather and climate forecasts. On the other hand, deforestation contributes to climate change by eliminating large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These activities also cause effects on public health, agriculture, forest resources, wildlife resources, and water resources. In addition, replacement of natural surface by pasture or agriculture modifies the thermal and radioactive properties of the surface, generating changes in local, regional and global atmospheric conditions. In this paper representative periods of possible climate change in the region were analyzed, identified by treatment and statistical analysis of climatologic data from surface weather stations, as well as time and quantitative evolution of deforestation in the study region with data from Project PRODES (Monitoring of Brazilian Amazon Rainforest by Satellite). The evaluation of the atmospheric effects on changes in land use and occupation was based on IBGE vegetation map, and the inclusion of class "deforestation" analyzed in different periods (1997 and 2009) worked on the software Arc. Gis. 9.2. Data files of surface types compatible with the reading of the BRAMS model were created. The BRAMS model was used to simulate the different effects of land use thematic maps in the local atmosphere. The results indicate a trend of increase in average rainfall and frequency of days with precipitation, decrease in average temperature of maximum and increase in average temperature of minimum over years in the region of Santarém. The study area by the year 1997 registered 19.44% deforestation and by the year 2009 it rose to 25.54%. The simulations with the generated files of land use and occupation in 1997 and 2009 showed little variation for different thematic maps in the variables (temperature, humidity and flows of sensible and latent heat) when considering the average values of the total area simulated. However, when small areas located only on the regions suffering the largest changes are taken into account, there are major influences as deforestation increases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem hidrometeorológica na Bacia do Rio Tocantins em Marabá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SANTOS, Daniel Meninéa; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The objectives of the present work is to develop a statistical model to predict discharge or flow in Marabá-PA, as well assess the atmospheric dynamic structure associated with the extreme hydrological regime observed in the Tocantins river basin. The hydrological model based on multiple linear regressions uses time series derived from fluviometric and pluviometric stations which are obtained from ANA database. Validation tests of the statistical model with Nash coefficient above 0.9 and standard error of 1.5% and 5% during flood and drought periods, respectively, allow generating predictions of discharge with antecedence of 2 to 4 days (3 to 5 days) for the flood (drought) period. Through composites technique considering all years with record of above/very above discharge and below/very below discharge in Marabá, obtained from percentiles method, it was investigated the precipitation characteristics in basin scale and the dynamic aspects observed in each month (November to April). The composites of years with above/very above discharge showed that the rainfall on the basin was above normal in all months, and the large-scale patterns indicated a configuration associated with La Niña phenomenon over Pacific and cooling conditions over South Atlantic; intensification of both zonal/meridional ascending branch of the Walker/Hadley cell; intensification of the Bolivian High anomalously placed eastward and negative ROL anomalies associated with the joint occurrence of ZCAS and ZCIT. Conversely, the composites of years with below/very below discharge showed a predominance of precipitation below normal throughout basin, which was associated with the conditions of warming (El Niño) over Pacific, and also warm TSM anomalous over South Atlantic, cell of Walker and Hadley with weak upward movement, the positioning of the High Bolivia westward with positive ROL anomalies indicating inhibition of tropical convective activity. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of the socio-economic impacts in the main centers of Marabá revealed that approximately 10 thousand (5% of the population) people are affected by Tocantins river floods with costs in the flooding operations above R$ 500.000,00, considering the 2005 case.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial das mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra em Santarém e Belterra, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) CASTRO, Williams Martins; VENTURIERI, Adriano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8968863324073508; BATISTELLA, Mateus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337579164863601
Through a case study, this work tests how the delimitation of the study area may influence the results of multiscale analyses in spatial processes of land-use and landcover change in the Amazon. Within the municipal limits of Santarém and Belterra in western Pará State, three levels of analysis were defined. The first level encompasses a rectangular region that was arbitrarily defined as the Santarém subregion. The second level, which encompasses part of the first level, corresponds to an established agricultural settlement, defined by the set of limits of property lots designed by INCRA in the 1970’s. The third level corresponds to the zones of influence of four different roads located within the established agricultural settlement, subdivided into sub areas North and South, comprising a total of eight sub areas within the second level of delimitation. For each level of analysis, landscape metrics were calculated based on land-use and land-cover thematic maps for 1986, 1997, and 2005, also analyzed with basis on field surveys. The results show that the peculiarities of the occupation dynamics in each level allow for a better identification of patterns and processes revealed by the landscape structure. In particular, it is clear there is a continuation of processes of landscape fragmentation and expansion of intensive agriculture at different rates in distinct portions of the study area. The results obtained for the three levels of analysis are complementary, allowing for a better understanding of land-use and land-cover changes as well as their driving forces.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise etnoecológica da floresta de várzea da ilha de Sororoca, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-16) ALMEIDA, Adrielson Furtado; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
Was analyzed ethnoecology aspects of the tree species in 2 ha of floodplain forest on the island of Sororoca, municipality of Ananindeua, state of Pará. The floristic was assessed through floristic inventory in eight plots of 50 x 50 m, which were measured all trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm to 1.30 m and calculated the relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance value indices of importance and coverage. Information on the use, management and season of use were obtained through interviews with local residents. The results showed 3.054 individuals in 20 families, 47 genera and 53 species. Fabaceae and Arecaceae stood out with the greatest number of species. Euterpe oleracea represented 69.01% of the individuals identified, with the largest number of individuals, relative dominance, importance value index and value index coverage. The main use of 49 species concentrated on the craft category. The months January to April amounted to the time of use and management of the species coincides with the rainy season the level of precipitation and relative humidity higher.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Acará, Amazônia Oriental: subsídios ao planejamento ambiental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-22) DIAS, Filipe Gomes; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.