Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multitemporal da sustentabilidade de uma comunidade extrativista no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) NASCIMENTO, Thaylana Pires do; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
Among the existing ecosystems in the Amazon biome, there are the floodplains (dense alluvial ombrophilous forest known as the estuary floodplain forest), where traditional communities, such as indigenous peoples, quilombo community, rubber tappers, chestnut trees, babassu coconut breakers and the riverside. The main economic activities carried out in these floodplain forests are extractivism, mainly the collection of açaí fruits, the extraction of palm hearts and wood, artisanal fishing, and shrimp capture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes in relation to the sustainable use of the Environmental Protection Area of Ilha do Combú (APA Ilha do Combú), relating the current economy from non-timber forest products, with the economic strategies used by the riverside people in a time frame of 30 years. The methodology used was field research based on interviews with the application of semi-structured questionnaires in 10 key families. The benefits and disadvantages of creating the APA Ilha do Combú were raised, where the increase in the number of bars and restaurants seems to be going against the wishes of the local population. It was confirmed the hypothesis that the intensification of açaí management on the properties resulted increase in the profitability of the inhabitants of the Island in relation to what was achieved in 1990. However, this factor results in a greater dependence on this product to the detriment of other NTFPs listed in 1990.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal do índice de vegetação e caracterização da cobertura vegetal no Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-09) RIBEIRO JUNIOR, Julia Pereira; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
This study was carried out from 1990 to 2020 in the insular region of Baia do Guajará, state of Pará and aimed to analyze the dynamics of land use and cover on the islands of the insular region of Baia do Guajará through the NDVI vegetation index. with the intention of provoking the discussion and insertion of new urban, economic, social and tourist development strategies in the region in the APA of Ilha do Combú, located in the municipality of Belém, Pará. To achieve this objective, the script to generate vegetation index (NDVI) was prepared in the code editor of Google Earth Engine, comparing it with the monthly and annual averages of rainfall. It was found that seasonality consistently influences the behavior of vegetation and, consequently, the NDVI, since anthropic changes were minimal on most islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de energia e fluxos turbulentos associados à fatores físico-químicos da água na baía de Caxiuanã
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHEIRO, Amanda Nascimento; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Investigate the behavior of the energy balance on water surfaces is still a scientific challenge, since few studies are available on this topic in this type of surface. The flona of Caxiunã several years ago has become a major object of study for various field of science that support for the Amazon region. Among these fields lies the micrometeorology, which discusses among his main topics of interest are the phenomena of energy and mass exchange at the surface-atmosphere interface. Aiming to fill this lack of information, in this study the hourly and seasonal variations of the components of energy balance, such as latent heat and sensible heat flux were analyzed. With the assist of meteorological variables such as precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and direction as well as physical- chemical water parameters (albedo, tide level, turbidity, water temperature and amount of total organic and inorganic carbon) was studied the role of these variables in the energy balance in the Caxiuanã bay. A peculiarity presented by Caxiuanã bay was the water temperature always being higher than the air temperature values, demonstrating that the bay can hold large amounts of heat during the day and not lose most of this heat to the atmosphere during the night. The total organic carbon present in the waters of the bay decreased concentration throughout the study period. The latent heat flux (LE) was shown to be the dominant component of the energy balance, presenting an average value of 200 W.m-2 during most of the study period, and the sensible heat flux (H) showed a peak in May with about 50 W.m-2. The negative values of H during the nighttime show that the bay is losing heat to the environment, ie, the bay is acting as a heat source for local atmosphere, including the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito da topografia e microclima na florística e estrutura de árvores e na produção de liteira em uma floresta ombrófila densa na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FERREIRA, Laura Suéllen Lisboa; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The object this study was to study the effect of topography and microclimate (temperature and precipitation) in the floristic and structure of trees and litter production in a tropical rain forest in the National Forest Caxiuanã. In the grade of 25 km2PPBio, three areas were chosen (A, B and C) where plots were established 10 x 100 m, following the same topographic profile (lowland, intermediate and planteau). These plots, we identified all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm for the realization of phytossociologic, taking into account the parameters of absolute and relative density, frequency and dominance, thus calculating the index value of importance (IVI). Micrometeorological temperature data were obtained from connected data logger Hobo Pro v2 and precipitation data were collected by the automatic station of IBAMA. We found 124 species in 33 plant families. The richest families in number of species were Sapotaceae (17), Chrysobalanaceae (10), Lecythidaceae (10) and Caesalpiniaceae (8). The most abundant families in number of individuals were Sapotaceae (65), Chrysobalanaceae (52) and Caesalpiniaceae (40). The area showed little floristic diversity evidenced by the low Shannon Diversity Index (H’= 3.16) and high uniformity in the proportions individuals/species within the plant community, given the degree of evenness of Pileou (J’= 0,94). There were no significant differences in richness and diversity of trees in relation to the plateus, intermediate ans lowland, as well as the density of species and basal area individuals. No there was a clear separation in the composition of tree species (DBH ≥ 10 cm) between the plots sampled in the plateau topographic condition, intermediate and lowland. The family with the higest IVI was Sapotaceae for the topography of lowland and intermediate, and Lecythidaceae for the plateau and species with higher IVI for three topographies were Lecythis idatiomon, Rinoria guianensis and Eschweilera coriacea. The average production of total litter in the nine plots was 758.59 kg ha-1. There was no significant difference in the production of litter in relation to topography and medium temperature and maximum temperature, but in relation to rainfall and minimum temperature there was differences. The leaf fraction (73,55%) was the most representative in the composition of litter, followed by branches (24,98%), fruits (3,88%) and flowers (3,85%). The flower production and fruits showed no significant relationship with the topography. No relationship was found in flower production with rainfall and temperature, but the fruits production showed significant differences with precipitacion and maximum temperature and minimum. The topography does not influence the floristic and structure of trees and litter production in the nine studied plots, but the variation in precipitation and temperature had a strong influence on litter production total and fruit production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efluxo de CO₂ do solo e biomassa de raízes finas ao longo de um gradiente topográfico na Floresta de Caxiuanã-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-07) CASTRO, Sirlene de Lima; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The objective of this research was to understand the role of small topographic elevations in the soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux comparing different seasonal period in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, oriental Amazon. Were selected two transects with about 17m topographic gradient, the first initiated near the border of a permanent stream and the second standing near an intermittent stream, denominate in this work as Transect1 and Transect2, respectively. In each transect were selected four locations for the collection and measurement of data called lowland, middle lowland, middle plateau and plateau. At these sites were conducted CO2 efflux and soil temperature analysis, and soil samples for organic carbon analysis and fine root (<2 mm) biomass studies at different depth intervals. It was observed a significant difference in the soil organic carbon concentration compared in the soil surface layer (0-10 cm) in lowland topography, where the transect that begins in the board of the intermittent stream had the significantly higher organic carbon content. It was also observed a soil organic carbon reduction with depth, but there were no differences in organic carbon content with topographic variation. Bringing together both transects, the results related to superficial fine root biomass, it was found mean values of 382.47 ± 25.46 g m-2 for the dry months and 298.24 ± 23.50 g m-2 for the rainy months. In general there was a reduction in fine root biomass by increasing the soil depth, and in the surface layer (0-30 cm) is concentrated to greater root biomass with more than 80% of total root biomass for both transects. There were significant differences in root biomass among and within transects. For the same time, it was founded higher CO2 efflux in the lowland topography compared to the plateau. Seasonal variation also has effect on soil CO2 efflux, with the month of August (transitional month) having the highest CO2 effluxes and March (rainy month) the lowest CO2 efflux, independent of topographic position.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equações alométricas para estimar a biomassa acima do solo em floresta plantada com tachi-branco (Tachigali vulgaris), Dom Eliseu/ Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-24) CERVEIRA, Suzane Serrano; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The biomass study in tropical FORESTS has played a major role in relation to the contribution of ecosystems to the global carbon cycle. Many articles suggest planting Tachigali vulgaris (Taxi-White) for carbon capture projects in the Amazon and the generation of carbon credits. However little is known how to estimate the biomass increment and how different spacing interferes with the local microclimate. The present study was conducted at Genesis farm in Dom Eliseu city, Pará State, aimed to determine allometric curves for accumulation of aboveground biomass using destructive methods, and the carbon in the biomass and consequent micrometeorological variations in Taxi-White in spacing 4mx2m, 4mx3m and 4mx4m, with population density ranging from 208 to 403 plants per plot. For the equations used a database of 54 trees of a single species, in which were measured variables total height, diameter at breast height (DBH), each sample tree was felled and split the trunk components, branches, and leaves. The fresh weight of each component was obtained in place, and green samples were collected, weighed and brought to the laboratory in Bethlehem to oven drying to constant weight. 17 models of regression equations were used commonly used in the literature, being chosen equations with a higher coefficient of determination (R²). The stock biomass and shoot carbon were observed in the denser spacing, ie, 4mx4m, focusing mainly on the tree trunk. The distribution of the moisture content of classes was: leaves > branches > trunk. The trunk segment is divided according to their height into steps (BASE, DAP, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total stem height, DAP had a higher moisture content than the other compartments. The temperature was greater spacing with lower density (4mx4m) and the relative humidity had its highest values for spacing with higher densities (4mx2m). The months of September and October showed higher temperature and lower relative humidity, however, the months of November and December, showed lower temperature and higher relative moisture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxos de dióxido de carbono e metano de um lixão na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-03) PINHEIRO, Layse Teixeira; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This work had as aim the quantification of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane from the uncontrolled Aurá landfill, known as the "Aurá Lode", in addition to collecting information from the place after its partial closure in 2015 .The research had a qualitative analysis of environmental aspects of the site and an experimental part, with the development of flow chambers, to capture the gases through the covering of cells other than the landfill. The measurements were performed in two ways, the first with 24 chambers distributed in three distinct points of two cells with relatively different ages and 90 chambers, distributed in grid, in a closed cell. These measurements occurred in a less rainy period and had their points located through geographic coordinates. A portable gas analyzer was used to simultaneously obtain the gas concentration in ppm. The flow calculations involved the selection of the intervals of each chamber, determination of the regression line of the gas concentrations by time, barometric equation and insertion of the data obtained in the main flow equation. The values of methane emissions in the cells titled A, B and C were 191,226 g m² d-¹, 397.7 g m² d-¹ and 36.30 g m² d-¹, respectively. The carbon dioxide fluxes reached 10,554.1 g m² d-¹, 11,786.65 g m² d-¹ and 7,529.77 g m² d-¹.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fungos poróides (Agaricomycetes) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã: fenologia e relação com o substrato, topografia e fatores micrometeorológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-30) MEDEIROS, Priscila Sanjuan de; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This study was conducted in one of the sites of Amazon Biodiversity Program (PPBio) located in the Caxiuanã National Forest (PA) and aimed to present the poroid fungi with emphasis on new record, analyze the relationship of these fungi with the woody substrate and to examine the association between micrometeorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) for one year, in relation to environmental variables, produced by topography, with richness, density, and phenology of these fungi. Were identified 76 species of poroid fungi, distributed in 27 genera and 5 families. The species Cerrena sclerodepsis, Phellinus dependens and Trametes pavonia represent the first records for the Pará state. Microporellus iguazuensis is mentioned for the first time in Brazil and presents the proposal of a new species to science, called Microporellus hirsuta. Most of the species was considered rare and showed preference for substrates in the early decomposition stages. The number of occurrences of basidiomata and fungi species was higher on the stem of the families plants Caesalpinaceae, Sapotaceae, Annonaceae, Mimosaceae and Lecythidaceae, respectively, and at substrate with a smaller diameter. It was expected that differences in microclimate generated by different altitudes, in a short topographic gradient, were sufficient to generate differences in the poroid fungal community. However, although it was found a greater number of species in a region called the intermediate, this difference was not significant. The largest number of individuals was found in the first rains and the richness is positively correlated with rainfall. The activity index of basidioma production of the abundant species was higher during the first rains after the dry period. This study represents an advance in understanding the relationships of the fungi with the environment in which they grow, mainly in tropical regions, but many studies still need to be developed to clarify these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência da variabilidade espacial e sazonal sobre o efluxo de dióxido de carbono do solo em ambientes modificados na FLONA Caxiuanã-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) TEIXEIRA, Ana Paula Assunção; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This study aimed to investigate the influence of spatial and seasonal variability on the efflux of CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere by comparing with heat sensitive streams and latent heat as with the environmental variables (air and soil temperature, relative humidity and volumetric soil moisture) and total organic carbon in soil. This study was conducted in environments modified naturally (AMN) and antropicamente (AMA) on the FLONA of Caxiuanã, PA, during the transitional period of rainy-dry season and dry period in the year 2013. We have seen that the opening of anthropogenic and natural gaps promote variations of environmental factors arriving at the interior of the modified environments, causing greater intensity in the heat flux, favoring thus the spatial variability of CO2 efflux. The AMN showed an increase of CO2 efflux from the period of transition from the rainy–dry season to the dry period, where the highest rates of efflux occurred in the afternoon with the removal of the gap to the interior of the forest under closed canopy in east and west the gap. Contrasting with the AMA where it was verified reduction of rates of efflux of the transitional period of rainy– dry season to the dry period. Correlations between soil temperature and soil moisture with the CO2 efflux presented significant correlation mainly in the center of the gaps, influenced by heat transport more intense at this location. In this way, the CO2 efflux receives influence of environmental micrometeorological variables, soil physical and chemical characteristics and contribution of total organic carbon, showing variations of behavior with the opening of natural gap and anthropized in the Amazon rainforest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A percepção de tecnologias em agricultura orgânica por produtores familiares no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PIZATE, Ronei Juscelino Bianchi; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Traditional agriculture in the Amazon is based on slash and burn agriculture, to clean the area and nutrient release. Organic agriculture in this context favors the strengthening of family agriculture, in addition to environmental services as concrete proposal for a production model, which does not exclude the preservation of the environment, improving the quality of farmer’s life, and improving the quality of produced food for the consumer market. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the empowerment of information on organic agriculture by small farmers, organized into different associations (APBVA and COOPAMABI) under technical support of a private Brazilian company (NATURA) and one international organization (ICCO), respectively, located in the northeast of Pará. The used methodology was a study of case with semi-structured questionnaires, consisting of open and closed questions, which can get evidence that provided an understanding of transition processes where these producers are located. The results show no significant differences related to the implementation of common practices between the analyzed associations. The producers with technical support funded by ICCO demonstrated a greater level of technologies adoption in relation to another farmers group. The results showed a complete absence of technical support, or it is ineffective, by the government agency for technical support. The generation of funding mechanisms and a systematization of agroecological technologies developed in the region, adapted to the farmers reality, and the intensification of training activities and awareness of technical EMATER, becomes necessary for an efficient training with greater appropriation of agroecological technologies by family farmers in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Refinamento da representação de raízes no modelo de biosfera SiB2 em área de floresta na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) OLIVEIRA, Livia da Silva; CÂNDIDO, Luiz Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7705103746743754; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The objective of this research was to study the sensitivity of the surface flows and soil hydrology in relation to the representation and distribution of roots in the biosfera model for upland forest in the “Amazônia”. The purpose was to evaluate the impact on the representativeness of the energy surface flows, considering the Amazon region seasonality supported by intensive measures carried through in a biological reserve (Biological Reserve in “Cuieiras” River, near Manaus). Eight simulations were conducted with the model of biosphere SiB2 (Simple Biosphere Model - version 2), where each simulation scenario represented a different scenery of roots distribution in a 4.0 m depth, divided in three layers: 0.5 m , 1.5 m and 2.0 m. The roots were distributed favoring the root’s concentration in the surface layer, after that, the intermediate layer and, finally, a concentration of roots below 2.0 m deep. The simulations were conducted for the period of 2003 to 2006, emphasizing the year of 2005 to evaluate the effect of the roots representation in the energy flows (latent heat - LE and sensitive heat - H) and carbon dioxide flow (F_CO2). From the integrated analysis of simulated flows with observational data, measured in the experimental site, was possible to perceive that a reduction in the rainfall for the year of 2005, although to have been lesser in the central part of the Amazon, led the decline in soil moisture, showing that the forest passed for a considerable period of water stress. The model represented the available energy with values very close to those observed, varying seasonally in agreement with the data measured in 2005. However, LE is overestimated during the rainy season, but it shows together with the CO2 flow, the reduction with soil moisture in the dry season period, while H is overestimated by 20 W.m-2 during all the simulated period. These results show that, apparently, the consideration of surface roots are more appropriate for regions with short dry season, as characterized the study area, and deep roots should promote the modeling of the processes of the surface areas with more pronounced dry season. With the results showing that it has necessity to get more information of soil physical properties, appropriate to the region conditions, so that other refinements are effective in distinguishing the behavior of tropical forests under different regimes of water availability in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização do CATT-BRAMS para análise do transporte e dispersão de material particulado e monóxido de carbono proveniente da queima da biomassa e da atividade industrial no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) PAIXÃO, Lúcia Cardoso da; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The year of 2010 was characterized as a drier year with an weak el niño event, but with an interesting twist: it was preceded by two wet years, and in addition to these aspects, there were available data at Amazon Modeling Laboratory (LAMAZ), of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), for modeling the behavior, in the atmosphere, of two substances considered pollutants, caused by anthropogenic activities, in the state of Pará, during dry season of the year of 2010. These aspects, together with the interest to evaluate the influence of the this dry season period, in the air atmosphere quality of the Para, motivated the developing of this dissertation, whose main objective was to analyze the sources, transport and dispersion of air emissions, composed by particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), from biomass burning and industrial activities, in the state of Pará, during the dry season of 2010. For this purpose, was used the subroutine CATT (Couppled Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model), in weather forecasting and climate model of mesoscale BRAMS (Brazilian Developments on the Regional Atmospheric Systems), with two nested grids. Besides that, was carried out a survey of fire during the period of study, based on the data, available by INPE/CPTEC, and of industrial operating activities in the State, whose data were obtained from Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Licensing of the State Department of Environment (SIMLAM - SEMA / PA). The rainfall data, were obtained through the Para State Network Database for Climate Prediction and Hydrometeorological – RPCH, and orographic characteristics of the study area, simulated by the BRAMS, were also performed. The development and analysis of studies evidenced the influence of rain on the amount of heat generated , i.e. in that the period became drier, the greater the amount of fire outbreaks and the higher the surface concentration of emissions CO and PM(2.5). The results generated by the simulations provided the basis to analyze the influence of the state's topography in the movement of these air pollutants coming from other states, showing the participation of the Amazonian central plain in the ocean air mass moving to the continent. It Showed the effects of winds that led these atmospheric pollutants generated on the surface of the Pará state, and in the surrounding regions, to the west, towards the Amazon state. Also showed the effects of the local convection, that dispersed and transported CO and PM(2,5) atmospheric emissions at high altitudes, that can reach great distances, with the potential to cause impacts in a regional and even global scale.

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