Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agropecuária dos Produtores Familiares Irituienses e o potencial de extratos de plantas medicinais no manejo de pragas e doenças do maracujazeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Clenilda Tolentino Bento da; ISHIDA, Alessandra Keiko Nakasone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756162526907626; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-185X; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
The present study aimed to broaden the knowledge of the productive systems, the social, economic and cultural aspects of the affiliates the Agricultural Cooperative of Family Farmers Irituienses (Irituia-PA), evaluating the effect of alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants grown by farmers on the in vitro growth of passion fruit culture of pathogens and reduce the severity of spot in the greenhouse as well as evaluate the potential of insecticide extracts on larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. 1758. In the survey, we used taped interviews and guided by previously structured questionnaires. It was noted that agriculture is the main economic activity for the cooperative, hand-to-work is familiar and the production system is based on temporary and perennial crops, fish farming, setting up small animals, in addition to the recovery work and preservation of native forest. The main medicinal plants grown by farmers are: basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), aloe (Aloe vera L.), boldo-the-kingdom (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), holy grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), d'vine garlic (Mansoa alliaceae Gentry) coramina (Pedilanthus tithymaloides Port), lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) NEBrown.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L .), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). To evaluate the antifungal effect on mycelial growth in vitro of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated passion fruit, alcoholics extracts were added to the culture medium (PDA) melting, 55 ° C at 1%. After solidification of the culture medium on the plates, they were deposited a fungus mycelium disk about 8 mm in diameter in the center of each plate. The control did not receive the treatment. Mycelial growth was assessed daily with the aid of a digital caliper until than the fungus one of treatments reached the ends of the plate. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 15 treatments and five repetitions. In the evaluation of the antibacterial effect on the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae the extracts were added to the medium 523 at a 1% concentration at 55 ° C. After the solidification of medium, it is deposited 100 L of bacterial suspension which is spread with the aid of a Drigalski handle. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 28 ° C and the experimental setup was completely randomized. The evaluation was conducted by counting the colony-forming units (CFU) on the plates. In the in vivo test, the extracts at 1% were applied in passion fruit plants with 2-3 pairs of true leaves three days before the pathogen inoculation. The experimental setup was randomized blocks with 16 treatments and five repetitions. The evaluation was 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after inoculation, copper oxychloride was used as the control treatment. In both trials the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the statistical analysis was performed by the Scott & Knott test (1974) using the statistical program SISVAR. It was found that all extracts have antifungal potential and, eucalyptus extract reduced the mycelial growth of all fungi studied with results between 21.06 to 51.73%. While the lemon balm, eucalyptus, garlic d'vine, mastruz, neem, aloe and vinegar extracts inhibited the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae from 15.35 to 30.3%. In greenhouse of Boldo-do-kingdom, coramina, ginger, neem, eucalyptus extracts and copper oxychloride promoted reducing the severity of bacterial spot between 27.24 and 53.86%. The evaluation of potential pesticide was used two methods, contact and topical application on larvae of Tenebrio molitor. In effect by contact of the contaminated surface, filter paper discs were impregnated with 700 μl of crude extracts for topical application route was used 3 μl extract applied to each larva. Which were held in camera of BOD, at 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity of 70% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 18 treatments and four replications evaluated daily. After 10 days it was found that contaminated surface in the extracts did not show insecticidal properties. However, the extracts, when topically applied, promoted mortality between 50 and 100%, demonstrating biocide effect against T. molitor larvae in the laboratory. In conclusion, Cooperative D'Irituia plays an important role in economic, social and cultural development of farmers. The adoption process of agro-ecological practices is occurring gradually. Based on the results obtained it can be inferred that the extracts of medicinal plants studied in this research, in addition to insecticide potential, they possess promising substances potentially that can be used as an alternative control in the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on passion fruit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares agroextrativistas de açaizeiros na região das ilhas do município de Cametá, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) BATISTA, Katharine Tavares; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The choice of research theme due to the importance that the fruit açai, Euterpe oleracea Mart. represents in the socioeconomics of the Cametá population, mainly the riverside residents, as well asthe concernabout possible changes in the production systems in the agroecosystems of açaí floodplains due to the growing demand for the fruit. Thus, this research aimed to assess to the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of agroecosystems family who manage açaí in the region of the islands of the municipality of Cametá, Pará. That research was conducted in 52 agroecosystems family, distributed in 19 river islands, between the months of August to December 2012, considering 2011, the year of the crop of the fruit açaí. The agroecosystems were characterized into five dimensions of sustainability: general aspects, social, economic, technological and environmental and later identified the determinants of sustainability (profitability; total cost of production and location of agroecosystems), through exploratory factor analysis, and the similarities observed between the agroecosystems grouped using the technique of the dendrogram (Cluster analysis). When comparing the current state of sustainability of agroecosystems family in the Islands region of Cametá and correlate the açai management adopted, was found that, the most sustainable agroecosystems, considered in descending order, present rural incomes higher than non income rural and adopt management techniques from agricultural researches.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de inimigos naturais em cultivos de palma de óleo Elaeis guineensis implantados em sistemas agroflorestais para agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-30) ESPIRITO SANTO, Lorena Nunes do; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The cultivation of palm oil or palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a promising alternative for the recovery of degraded areas in the Brazilian Amazon, and promote the establishment of man in the field. However, when established in monoculture systems presents favorable conditions for the emergence and proliferation of insect pests, especially borers and defoliators. Thus, this research aimed to identify and quantify the diversity of insect pests and their natural enemies in three different systems of cultivation of oil palm in the city of Tome-Acu, Para, between May 2009 and January 2010. Two properties of oil palm cultivated as main crop in agroforestry (SAF) with different combinations of land preparation. The third study area was a monoculture oil palm, characterizing the current model of palms growing in the Amazon region. In all areas studied palm oil showed similar age and were monitored during May, June, October, December 2009 and January 2010. Was evaluated in the different systems, the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies in two separate statements: soil and plant canopy. Traps "pitfall" were used for the collection of soil arthropods (particularly predators), while yellow sticky traps were used to capture insects present in the shoots. The rainfall was recorded during the research in all areas studied. The orders with the highest species diversity in biodiverse, and monoculture systems, regardless of the type of trap, were Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Coleoptera, which are possibly associated with maintaining the balance of herbivore populations in these environments. The similarity of species collected in pitfall traps and adhesive between the areas studied was influenced by the history of the occupation of the areas and months of collection, and the precipitation effect on the diversity of arthropods collected in the different systems of cultivation of palm oil. Different kinds of ants (eg., Solenopsis and Pheidole) representatives gathered in this research are predators, a fact which reinforces the hypothesis of the same potential to act as natural enemies of pests in these systems. The different systems of cultivation of oil palm evaluated reported great diversity of spiders, possibly by offering diversified food resource availability (eg., Insects) for these generalist natural enemies. This research is the first to record the diversity of soil spiders in oil palm cultivation in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, a fact that provides insights for future studies on the ecological group. Although this study presents results of the first two years of implementation of the cultivation of oil palm in the field, they reveal the importance of studies that aim to assess the influence of biodiverse environments in the maintenance and multiplication of natural enemies to act in the biological control of insect pest of many crops, particularly palms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índices de infestação de laranja por Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (dip. tephritidae) e parasitoides associados em diferentes sistemas de cultivo em Capitão Poço, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-13) CASTILHO, Alison Pureza; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interações tritróficas entre moscas-das-frutas, suas plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitoides das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) SOUZA, Natália Silva de; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
Brazil is the third largest producer of fruits in the world. The tropical fruits market is a promising economic activity, being in expansion in the State of Pará, Brazil. The fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests in fruticulture around the world. Biological control is one of the tactics used in fruit flies integrated management helping reduce their population density and contributing to increase natural enemies populations. Different brazilian regions have reported interactions between of fruit flies and their parasitoids. This research aims to contribute with increase of scientific knowledge about the distribution of fruit flies in the State of Pará, reporting their occurrence, host plants and parasitoids. The study was conducted in representative cities from Northeast and Southeastern regions of the Pará, particularly in the municipalities of Tome-Açú and Marabá, respectively. The fruit flies samples were randomly collected. The indices of fruit fly infestations (Imf) were expressed by the mean number of larvae per fruit and per kilo of fresh fruit. The parasitism rates (Ip) were calculated based on the number of emerged parasitoids in relation to the known number of pupae. The emerged parasitoids were identified in the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in Belém (Pará) and Embrapa Amapá, in Macapá (AP). In Tome-Açú city, the fruit species Barbados cherry (Malpighia punicifolia), hog plum (Spondias mombin), guava (Psidium guajava), ice-cream bean (Inga edulis), and mango (Mangifera indica) are important repositories of fruit fly populations. In the southeast region of Pará, M. punicifolia, P. guajava, starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), and I. edulis are the main fruit species host of fruit fly populations. Only Anastrepha species occur and infest fruits in both regions studied. This research reported the first association of: A. fraterculus with starfruit in the Amazonian region (Tome-Açú); A. sororcula with starfruit in the State of Pará (TomeAçú); A. obliqua with camocamo in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú); the fruit fly (specie A. obliqua) in cashew fruit in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú and Marabá); fruit-flies (A. obliqua and A. distincta species) in mango in the State of Pará; first association of A. distincta with mango in Brazil (Tome-Açú); the fruit fly A. obliqua with Pouteria caimito in the State of Pará (Tome-Açú) and; A. serpentina with Santô in Brazil (Tome-Açú).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemas de cultivos de agricultores familiares: diversidade de moscas-das-frutas, seus hospedeiros e inimigos naturais em Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-31) FAÇANHA, Thayná Pereira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887

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