Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
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Navegando Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG por Orientadores "PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva"
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmicas socioambientais associadas as ocorrências de febre chikungunya no município de Belém do Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-09) SILVA, Jaqueline Portal da; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arbovirus caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Its transmission occurs through the bite of female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with CHIKV. The signs and symptoms of CHIKF are similar to those of dengue, however the main clinical manifestation that differs from it is the involvement of joints such as the joints of the wrists, ankles and elbows causing severe pain inflammation accompanied by swelling, redness and local heat. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of income, population density, sanitation and climate variables on CHIKF occurrences. The study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, with application area in the municipality of Belém (PA). The variables were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, from which the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum and maximum were determined. The normalities of the variables were tested to define by using parametric or nonparametric correlation tests. Linear regression analysis was performed for variables with statistical significance. Spatial analysis identified the expansion of the disease in the municipality over the period analyzed. As well as outbreaks of high concentration and maintenance of the disease were identified in certain neighborhoods. For socioeconomic variables, Pearson's correlation identified an association between CHIKF and the demographic density variable in 2017, which resulted in a weak but significant linear regression. Significant correlations were identified for indicators of quantity and regularity of water supply, solid waste collection and level of access to sanitation services. While the temperature and precipitation variables in 2016, presented respectively positive and weak association and negative and weak association in relation to CHIKF. The results of this research showed that the urban area of the municipality of Belém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, has significant natural and anthropic elements for the insertion of active transmission foci of Chikungunya fever.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade ambiental da área urbana do município de Belém/PA: o desafio de mensurar.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-21) NUNES, Lana Patrícia Martins; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609The accelerated and disorderly growth of cities has not been accompanied by the growth and improvement of urban infrastructure, which contribute decisively to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Studies on the urban environment reveal that the urbanization process generates impacts, both environmental and social, however these impacts can be avoided or at least minimized through an effective planning process. For this reason, the great challenge of urban planning bodies is to understand the functioning of the urban environment and provide the right conditions for communities to develop sustainably, seeking a balance between quality of life and preservation of the environment. In this sense, studies that deal with the reality of environmental quality in urban ecosystems are of fundamental importance to support planning policies and more efficient land management. This research aims to evaluate the environmental quality in the urban area of the municipality of Belém / PA, one of the municipalities of the northern region of the country that presents, in population terms, large extensions of subnormal clusters and highlights in the real estate scenario, with characteristics similar to many Brazilian cities. To evaluate the environmental quality, the methodological procedures developed by Borja (1998) and Kawakubo et. al., (2005) were used, using environmental and infrastructure indicators (water supply, sanitary sewage, urban cleaning, flooding, noise pollution and cover (SIPAM, CIOP, SESAN, IBGE, etc.) for the construction of a synthetic index of environmental quality.In order to observe stratifications between the districts, environmental quality charts and basic indexes were developed using Arcgis software. The perception of the residents was also investigated through structured questionnaires whose items correspond to the same indicators selected in the objective data. In order to observe possible contrast between the objective and subjective data an index of environmental perception was constructed using the same methodological precepts for the construction of the objective data and their respective spatialization. The data show that although the results point to a sufficient level of environmental quality, residents are dissatisfied with the infrastructure and quality of the environment.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Resiliência urbana na zona costeira da Amazônia: uma análise de indicadores para a cidade de Belém, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-22) LIMA, Yasmin Emanuelle Santos Pereira de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777Rapid population growth in urban environments is the root cause of many resilience challenges, where cities concentrate a large part of the population with social vulnerability and exposure to weather-related disturbances. Climate change is a global challenge, there is growing international concern about how to deal with climate change in urban areas. This Thesis aims to analyze the urban resilience of the city of Belém, Pará, Amazon region, Northern Brazil, based on a multidimensional tool, the City Resilience Index - CRF, generating results for the management of urban planning. A survey and content analysis was carried out, contemplating the concepts involved in the object of this research. Adaptation of the IRC through the application of the Delphi Method, with interviews with specialists focused on the subject. Application of IRC in the city of Belém-PA, with secondary data. As a result, the theoretical research problem was presented; Four Dimensions were obtained for the IRC, 'Health and Well-Being', 'Economy and Society', 'Infrastructure and Ecosystems', and 'Leadership and Strategy', with a total of 38 indicators, which allow assessing aspects of resilience of cities. The IRC was operationalized in an Excel spreadsheet and applied in the City of Belém-PA and generated the IRC in the “Good” value. In conclusion, four dimensions and 38 indicators were defined to generate the IRC, and in Belém-PA the IRC was considered “Moderate”, however, in fact, the challenges in working with the theme of urban resilience are still many, and go beyond the conceptual sphere. Although there is still no consensus on the part of specialists in the area regarding the definition of its real meaning, the biggest challenge lies in its operationalization. The process of building systems of resilience indicators is complex and has barriers such as, for example, the lack of data to build indicators to assess some relevant aspects. An example of such indicators, which can be included in future estimates for the city of Belém-PA, are those aimed at measuring infrastructure and ecosystems.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Vulnerabilidade socioambiental diante da ação do mar na zona costeira de Salinópolis-Pará-Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-12) BRAGA, Ronaldo da Cruz; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609Presentation: Amazonia has an extensive Coastal Zone, with approximately 3,044 km, occupying 35% of the Brazilian coast, with great part of the Orla in different levels of physical vulnerability. Objective: This thesis aims to analyze the physical vulnerability to the action of the sea, the socioenvironmental impacts and related adaptation strategies in the Coastal Zone of the Municipality of Salinópolis, located in the Northern Coast, Pará-Maranhão region of the Amazon Coastal Zone. Methodology: The Orla was subdivided into seven subsectors, according to the Orla Project criteria and physiographic and topographic characteristics. Two general vulnerability indices were determined: Sea Energy Action Vulnerability Index and Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Index (IVC). For the determination of the two indices, the following variables were used: geological, geomorphological, coast slope, topographic dimension, wave height, tidal amplitude, coastline variation, current sea level variation, using time series and future, based on the RCP8.5 scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Questionnaires were applied to the population and to the main Municipal Secretariats. The maps were made using orbital images of 1984, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2015 and 2016, SRTM images and aerial surveying, processed in ArcGis 10.3. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statistical Analysis Software SAS 9.4 program. The socioeconomic data were extracted from the census tracts of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, year 2010. Results: five sectors presented Muto Alto indexes and two Moderate to the energy action of the sea. The current vulnerability index to sea level rise showed three sectors of the Lower Bay, two in Moderate and two in High. In the future IVC, five sectors showed Very High, High and Low. In a one-meter elevation sea environment, major environmental systems will be affected, beaches, mangroves, dunes, cliffs, as well as the most vulnerable population will suffer the greatest impacts. The application of the questionnaires showed that the local population can identify the main impacts and has its own adaptation strategies. The municipality does not have in the Master Plan, nor do the secretariats present containment mechanisms, intervention and adaptation of impacts arising from a possible rise in sea level. Conclusion: the high levels of vulnerability of the sea energy action have caused erosion along the coast. The scenario of impacts of sea elevation on the edge of Salinópolis requires the application of efficient public policies to adapt the most socially vulnerable population.